واکاوی هیستریک شدن سوژه ایرانی در دهه اخیر بر اساس نظریه لاکان

اعتراضات اجتماعی متعدد دهه اخیر در کشور ما بیانگر وجود مشکلاتی حل نشده در جامعه است. مشکلاتی که می‌توان آنرا از علل هیستریک شدن سوژه ایرانی دانست. پرسش این است که چرا طی دهه اخیر، سوژه ایرانی هیستریک شده و اعتراضش را به شکل عملی نشان می‌دهد. این مقاله بر اساس نظریات لاکان و با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به واکاوی این پرسش می‌پردازد. وی با انتساب عاملیت، به ناخودآگاه بجای اگو سوژه را دارای ابعادی فراتر از فرد انسانی می‌داند. البته نظریات لاکان صرفا تکنیک‌های روانکاوی نیست، بلکه او با طرح مفهوم فانتزی و واقعیت آنامورفیک، نظریاتش را در حوزه اجتماع تا سطح مباحث هستی‌شناسی ارتقا می‌دهد. لاکان به دلیل نفی مفهوم ماهیت باورانه از سوژه بشری، بر رابطه آمال فردی و اهداف اجتماعی پرتو تازه‌ای می‌افکند. نتیجه این بررسی این است که به دلیل نارسایی‌های مشهود اقتصادی و اجتماعی دهه اخیر، فانتزی ایدئولوژیک بعد از انقلاب کارکرد خود را از دست داده و دیگر سوژه ایرانی را اقناع نمی‌سازد. از این‌رو سوژه ایرانی به‌جای رفتار وفق گفتمان ارباب، آنرا به چالش کشیده و خود در صدد ساختن فانتزی جدید می‌باشد.

exploration of the iranian subject’s hystericization in recent decades: a lacanian approach

introduction the numerous social protests in iran over recent decades indicate underlying societal issues. as a descriptive–analytical inquiry, the present study relied on lacanian theory to address the question as to why the iranian subject has become hysterical, expressing discontent through active protests in the past decade. lacan attributes agency to the unconscious rather than the ego, suggesting that the subject extends beyond mere human dimensions. his theories are not merely considered as psychoanalytic techniques; instead, lacan theorizes at an ontological level by introducing concepts such as fantasy and anamorphic reality. rejecting the essentialist conception of human subjectivity, lacanian theory offers fresh insights into the relationship between individual desires and social goals.materials and methodsthe present study adopted a descriptive–analytical method which depicts the existing reality as well as describes and explains its underlying reasons, dealing with the rational and dimensions of the research topic. during the descriptive phase, a theoretical framework was formulated to provide a robust base of argumentation in order to explain the underlying reasons. in the analytical phase, empirical details concerning the problem of the study were juxtaposed with general theoretical propositions to draw conclusions. the descriptive–analytical method is characterized by the researcher’s non-interference in the situation, conditions, or roles of variables; rather, they merely observe and describe what exists without manipulating or controlling other factors.results and discussionlacan’s conceptual framework elucidates that a new iranian subject was constructed following the 1979 islamic revolution. the divine shia nation and ancient iranian elements represented inherent gaps in the constitutive elements of the new subjectivity. the transformed nature of the ideological-cum-fantasy structure in iranian society sought to conceal the gap, which was to be solidified by promoting divine sovereignty over the people. maintaining this fantasy required a cause of desire, which is termed here as object-a. the iraq–iran war in the 80s, the nuclearization project in the 2000s and the defense of holy shrines after 2010 served the role of object-a. however, the reforms of the 90s failed to introduce object-a, which is regarded as a symptom of fantasy. upon the ascent of the tenth iranian government in the 2000s, the government’s failure in the economic realm, coupled with specific cultural and political events, eroded the capability of the said fantasy in satisfying and persuading the people. as the fantasy weakened, the symbolic–social domain was rendered invalid, revealing an apparent gap between the real and symbolic and thus hystericizing the iranian subject.conclusionthe analysis showed that noticeable economic and social deficiencies have render the ideological fantasy as dysfunctional after the revolution, thus not satisfying the iranian subject anymore.