بررسی تطبیقی مبانی اعتقادی طالبان و وهابیت؛ راهکارهایی برای سیاست خارجی ایران

از عوامل شایسته تحقیق درباره یک مذهب اسلامی، روابط آن مذهب و پیروان آن با پیروان سایر مذاهب اسلامی است. این روابط در مبانی اعتقادی آنها ریشه دارد. بر این اساس، سیاست خارجی راهبردی دولت‌های اسلامی نیز در کنار سایر عوامل از آموزه‌‌های دینی آنها اثر می‌گیرد. یکی از این مذاهب اسلامی عمده در جنوب شرق آسیا، مذهب ماتریدیه است که تاثیر به‌سزایی در عملکرد سیاسی و اعتقادی طالبان در افغانستان داشته است. این مذهب در قرن نوزدهم با الهام از اندیشه‌های کلامی علمای ماتریدی از جمله شاه ولی الله دهلوی با اهداف ضد استعماری و با تکیه بر جهاد در مقابل کفار در هندوستان شکل گرفت. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش کتابخانه‌ای به تحلیل و مقایسه مبانی اعتقادی گروه طالبان و وهابیت پرداخته می‌شود و این نتیجه حاصل شد که این دو گروه در برخی موضوعات کلامی مهم مثل توحید، زیارت، توسل، شفاعت و تفکیر شیعیان با یکدیگر اختلاف دارند. طالبان بر اساس این مبانی کلامی خود، پذیرش بیشتری نسبت به شیعیان دارند. در نتیجه، ارتباط ج.ا. ایران با طالبان و گروه‌های وهابیت بر اساس مبانی اعتقادی آنها باید متفاوت ‌‌باشد.

a comparative analysis of fundamental religious beliefs of taliban and salafism: some solutions for iran’s foreign policy

introduction  each islamic denomination follows its respective beliefs to forge connections with other islamic denominations and even non-islamic religions. religion plays a pivotal role in shaping their comprehension of self, other, and the approach towards communicating with others, ranging from acceptance to excommunication. in other words, religious beliefs constitute a foundation that governs the relations between different religions. a precise and nuanced understanding of diverse islamic denominations is essential for avoiding the one-size-fits-all perspective that may see the diverse groups in the same way.  such an understanding paves the way for recognizing historical, religious, and social distinctions, facilitating more informed and effective approaches to interact with different religious groups.the teachings of the quran and the prophetic tradition prohibit sectarian conflicts, underscoring the unity and convergence among followers of different islamic denominations. the empathy and convergence seem to be crucial, especially considering the constant efforts by the western world to sow discord and division within islamic countries. for example, the establishment of isis in the middle east involved the muslim nations, with the ultimate aim of ensuring security for israel. recently, the resurgence of the taliban in afghanistan has made it essential to reassess their foundational beliefs, laying the groundwork for fostering more symbiotic relations with them.the deoband school of thought is considered one of the influential islamic denominations in the recent developments of the region. deobandis adhere to the hanafi school of islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and maturidism as a school of islamic theology. the deobandi movement emerged with the purpose of opposing the british east india company. due to their concerted efforts, deobandis rapidly spread across the indian subcontinent, later establishing a significant base in pakistan and afghanistan and founding religious schools and educational centers there. the taliban group is one the movements developed out of the adherence to the religious beliefs of the deoband school of thought. against this backdrop, the present research aimed to examine three key issues: the fundamental religious beliefs of the taliban, the distinction between the taliban and salafism, and suggestions for iran’s strategic foreign policy towards these groups with an eye to their religious beliefs.literature reviewauthored by khalil ahmad al-saharanpuri, the book al-muhannad ’ala al-mufannad [the sword on the disproved] not only provides responses to the inquiries posed by wahhabi scholars but also elaborates on the beliefs of the scholars from darul uloom deoband. the book unveils the conspiracies of adversaries and elucidates the true teachings of the venerable figures of maturidism. the collection of essays titled maghalat al-kawtheri [kawtheri’s essays] includes miscellaneous essays written by muhammad zahid al-kawthari. the collection contains some essays that oppose the wahhabi thought. while dismissing wahhabism, al-kawthari delves into the core beliefs of the deobandi school of thought. in the article titled “taliban and deobandism” (2018), mohammad bagher hassani examined the relationship between the taliban and the deobandi school.