شناسایی و رتبه‌بندی انگیزه‌های سپرده‌گذاری قرض‌الحسنه؛ مطالعه موردی مشتریان بانک قرض‌الحسنه رسالت شهرستان ساوه

1. مقدمه و هدفدر اقتصاد متعارف و به‌ویژه در کتاب‌های درسی، مهم‌ترین و شاید تنها انگیزه انسان اقتصادی، حداکثر کردن منفعت و سود مطرح می‌شود و اغلب رفتارهای بازیگران اقتصادی براساس این انگیزه تحلیل می‌شود؛ اما درواقع رفتارهای فعالان اقتصادی ناشی از انگیزه‌های متعددی است. در نظام اقتصاد اسلامی انگیزه افراد لزوماً فایده‌گرایانه و لذت‌جویانه نیست و طیف گسترده‌ای از انگیزه‌های معنوی تا انگیزه‌های انسانی و اجتماعی را شامل می‌شود. انگیزه قرض‌الحسنه در بانکداری اسلامی نیز در همین چارچوب تعریف می‌شود. درحالی‌که در تصور رایج، عدم پرداخت سود به سپرده‌های قرض‌الحسنه را به‌عنوان علتی مهم برای کاهش انگیزه مردم برای سپرده‌گذاری در این بانک‌ها می‌دانند. هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی این تصور ذهنی از طریق شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل موثر بر انگیزه سپرده‌گذاران در حساب‌های مشتریان بانک‌ قرض‌الحسنه رسالت به‌عنوان یک مورد عینی است.2. مواد و روش‌هادر پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از پرسشنامه و نظرسنجی از مشتریان حقیقی این بانک انگیزه جذب سپرده‌گذاری این بانک بررسی شد. عوامل شناسایی‌شده نخست با استفاده از روش دلفی فازی غربال شدند و سپس از طریق فن تصمیم­گیری ایداس، اولویت­بندی شدند.3. یافته‌های تحقیقیافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که انگیزه‌های متعددی همچون انگیزه‌های معنوی، مالی، کارایی و روانی برای سپرده‌گذاری قرض‌الحسنه وجود دارد. به‌علاوه جذب سپرده در این بانک‌ قرض‌الحسنه بدون انگیزه سود علی‌الحساب و برخلاف نظریات متعارف، روند افزایشی داشته است.4. بحث و نتیجه‌گیریبراساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، به ترتیب انگیزه‌های معنوی، مالی، کارایی و روانی رتبه‌های اول تا چهارم را در سپرده‌گذاری قرض‌الحسنه دارا می‌باشند. همچنین مولفه‌های رعایت احکام و موازین شرعی توسط بانک، امنیت سپرده مشتریان و درصد سود تسهیلات پرداختی به ترتیب رتبه اول تا سوم بیشترین اهمیت را داشتند.

identifying and ranking deposit motivations in qard-ul-hasana resalat bank; case study of resalat qard-ul - hasana bank customers in saveh

1. introduction and objectivein conventional economic theory, particularly in textbooks, profit maximization is often considered the primary motive driving economic actors. this limited perspective, focused on material or utilitarian benefits, has dominated the understanding of human behavior within the economic domain. however, real-world economic behavior is much more multifaceted, with individuals often being influenced by a combination of financial, social, spiritual, and psychological factors. in the context of islamic economics, this complexity is particularly evident, where economic actors are not solely driven by material gain but by a broader set of values that include ethical, spiritual, and social considerations.      a key example of this broader motivation framework is the concept of qard-ul-hassan (qh), or interest-free loans, which forms the backbone of islamic banking systems. in islamic banking, especially in institutions like qh resalat bank, depositors engage in banking services not only based on financial returns but also driven by spiritual fulfillment and compliance with sharia principles. despite the apparent lack of monetary interest rewards on qh deposits, this research seeks to explore the multifaceted motivations behind depositors’ decisions to engage with qh banking services. the primary objective is to identify, analyze, and prioritize these diverse motivators, providing insight into the growing trend of qh deposits, which challenges conventional theories of profit-maximizing behaviors and resource mobilization. 2. methods and materialsto explore the various motivations influencing depositors in qh resalat bank, the study employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. a structured questionnaire was designed and distributed to the bank’s customers to collect data on their reasons for choosing to deposit funds. these questionnaires were supplemented with customer surveys to gain deeper insights into the psychological and social factors at play. the data collected was then analyzed using fuzzy delphi methodology, a decision-making tool that combines expert opinions and facilitates the prioritization of factors based on their relative importance.      the fuzzy delphi approach allows for a nuanced interpretation of depositor motivations, capturing not only the direct financial incentives but also the softer, more intangible factors such as trust, spiritual fulfillment, and social responsibility. the methodology involved a panel of experts who were surveyed to identify and validate the key factors affecting depositor behavior. this mixed-method approach ensured that both objective financial factors and subjective, non-materialistic influences were incorporated into the analysis. 3. research findingsthe research revealed that depositor motivation at qh resalat bank is driven by four primary categories: financial, efficiency, psychological, and spiritual factors. contrary to conventional assumptions that interest-free deposits might deter customers, the findings highlighted a strong and growing trend of deposits at the qh bank. this growing trend challenges traditional economic models that prioritize material incentives as the sole drivers of deposit behavior.      among the four identified categories, spiritual motivations were found to be the most influential factor for depositors. compliance with sharia principles and the desire to contribute to an ethically guided banking system were key drivers. following spiritual factors, financial motivations also played a significant role, albeit secondary to the spiritual values. these financial motivations primarily revolved around the security of deposits, the safety net offered by the institution, and the promise of community well-being.      aditionally, efficiency factors, including the ease of accessing services and the speed of transactions, were crucial for customers, reflecting a growing demand for banking convenience and customer-oriented services. the psychological aspect, such as the trust between the depositor and the bank, also emerged as an important factor, reinforcing the notion that banking is not only a financial transaction but also a social and emotional contract between the institution and its customers. 4. discussion and conclusionthe findings from this study provide significant insights into the evolving nature of banking behavior, particularly within the context of islamic finance. the research underscores the importance of spiritual motivations in islamic banking, suggesting that customers are not merely seeking financial returns but are motivated by a sense of ethical and spiritual fulfillment. this is a stark contrast to the profit-maximizing behavior observed in conventional banking systems, where monetary incentives often dominate.      the study also points to the growing significance of efficiency and psychological factors in attracting deposits. while spiritual and financial incentives remain central, the role of efficient services and customer satisfaction cannot be overlooked. in particular, qh resalat bank’s emphasis on secure deposits, ease of transaction, and a customer-centric approach resonates strongly with depositor motivations.      the results suggest that islamic banking, particularly qh systems, offers an alternative model to traditional profit-driven banking. this model is not only viable but also growing in its appeal, driven by a diverse set of motivations that extend beyond financial gain. the study concludes that islamic banks should continue to emphasize their spiritual, ethical, and community-oriented values, as these factors are crucial in attracting and retaining customers. furthermore, the research advocates for a broader integration of spiritual and ethical considerations into the design of financial products and services, aligning economic behavior with both individual and collective well-being.      in conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers, banking institutions, and researchers in the field of islamic finance. by recognizing and incorporating the diverse motivators that influence depositor behavior, islamic banks can further enhance their appeal and efficacy in promoting financial inclusion, social responsibility, and ethical banking practices.