investigating the effect of mindfulness-based art therapy on self-efficacy of multiparous and nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial

Background: labor pain is a common concern among pregnant women, leading to fear and anxiety. enhancing self-efficacy can play a crucial role in managing these complications. this study aims to evaluate the effect of mindfulness-based art therapy on the self-efficacy of multiparous and nulliparous women.methods: the present study was a randomized clinical trial with three parallel intervention arms (multiparous and nulliparous groups) and a control. the statistical population of the study included pregnant women (multiparous and nulliparous groups) referring to health centers (public and private) in bandar abbas city for prenatal care. a total sample size of 90 participants was determined, with 30 individuals randomly assigned to each group using a block randomization method. participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. interventions were conducted in eight sessions, with 3 to 15 people in each group, in a face-to-face and coherent manner. participants in the intervention and control groups were assessed three times: before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and four weeks after the intervention using the iranian childbirth self-efficacy questionnaire and the five-factor mindfulness questionnaire. the data were then analyzed using spss version 26 software, employing anova and repeated measures tests. a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.results: the mean self-efficacy scores for expectations during the active stage of labor immediately after the intervention were 162.07±11.28 (nulliparous), 163.07±12.02 (multiparous), and 145.77±27.50 (control group). four weeks post-intervention, the scores were 162.07±11.98 (nulliparous), 163.07±12.02 (multiparous), and 145.77±27.50 (control group). the mean self-efficacy scores for expectations during the fourth stage of labor immediately after the intervention were 155.21±10.80 (nulliparous), 156.21±11.12 (multiparous), and 122.77±24.96 (control group). four weeks after the intervention, these scores were 152.46±10.29 (nulliparous), 154.23±11.34 (multiparous), and 121.23±27.42 (control group). the mean mindfulness scores in both intervention groups (multiparous and nulliparous) were significantly higher immediately after the intervention (p=0.001) and four weeks later (p=0.001) compared to baseline.conclusion: the results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based art therapy in enhancing self-efficacy and mindfulness among pregnant women. thus, it is recommended that this therapeutic method be utilized to manage and reduce the fear of childbirth in pregnant women.