Single active element based mixed-mode quadrature oscillator using grounded components

The paper presents a mixed mode quadrature oscillator (mmqo) using single active element and all grounded passive components. the proposed circuit employs a novel building block named as differential difference dual-x second generation current conveyor (dd-dxccii) along with three grounded resistors and two grounded capacitors. the proposed quadrature oscillator provides three quadrature voltage outputs and two quadrature current outputs simultaneously so called mixed mode quadrature oscillator. the proposed mixed mode quadrature oscillator exhibits the feature of orthogonal control over the frequency of oscillation and condition of oscillation. effects of non-idealities and parasitic study are also analyzed. the proposed circuit has low active and passive sensitivities. in addition,a resistorless realization of the proposed work is also given. pspice simulations using 0.18μm cmos process parameters confirm the validity and practical utility of the proposed circuit.