effect of input vs. collaborative output tasks on iranian intermediate efl learners’ grammatical accuracy and willingness to communicate

This study explored the effect of input vs. collaborative output tasks on iranian efl learners’ grammatical accuracy and their willingness to communicate (wtc). in so doing, the study utilized 3 input (i.e., textual enhancement, processing instruction, and discourse) and 3 collaborative output (i.e., dictogloss, reconstruction cloze task, and jigsaw) tasks and compared their effects on 5 english grammatical structures (used to, too, enough, wish, and past tense). to this end, 50 iranian intermediate efl students in 2 groups (input- and collaborative output-based) participated in this study. to collect the data, a 32-item grammar test and wtc questionnaire were used as the pretests and posttests. results of the t tests and analyses of covariance revealed that the input- and output-based tasks had a significantly positive effect on the participants’ grammatical accuracy. moreover, the output-based instruction enhanced the participants’ wtc more than the input-based one. findings have implications for l2 grammar pedagogy.