ارزیابی رویکرد بریتانیای جهانی در دوره پسابرگزیت بر اساس مکتب انگلیسی روابط بین‌الملل

هرچند برگزیت به‌عنوان اقدامی در راستای تمرکز بیشتر بر مرزهای ملی و حاکمیت بریتانیا در نظر گرفته می‌شود، از سوی دیگر برگزیت رویکردهای جهانی و بین‌المللی بریتانیا را نیز تحت تاثیر خود قرار داده است. از نگاه طرفداران برگزیت، خروج بریتانیا عاملی برای انزوای منطقه‌ای یا جهانی بریتانیا نیست، بلکه بر عکس اقدامی در جهت نقش‌آفرینی بیشتر و آزادانه‌تر بریتانیا در عرصه‌ سیاست جهانی است. بررسی تاثیرات برگزیت بر سیاست خارجی بریتانیا بسیار ضروری است. پرسش اصلی این پژوهش آن است که در دوران پسابرگزیت رویکرد «بریتانیای جهانی» در سیاست خارجی بریتانیا چه تاثیراتی به‌همراه داشته است و آیا این رویکرد را می‌توان با نظریه مکتب انگلیسی تطبیق داد؟ اساساً پژوهش حاضر ماهیتی نظری و تئوریک دارد، با این حال از روش تحلیلی-توصیفی برای ساماندهی استفاده شده و به‌طور خاص برای تحلیل سخنرانی‌های مقامات بریتانیایی و اسناد دولتی از روش تحلیل مضمون بهره‌ گرفته شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد بریتانیا در دوره پسابرگزیت به‌دنبال ترویج کثرت‌گرایی از طریق تعامل با دامنه گسترده‌ای از شرکای خود (از جمله متحدان سنتی و قدرت‌های نوظهور) در سراسر جهان است. بریتانیا از اتحادیه اروپا (به‌عنوان یک نهاد ثانویه با عملکرد اقتصادی و اجتماعی) خارج شده است، اما همچنان در موضوع امنیت دسته‌جمعی، نگاهی بنیادین به اتحادیه اروپا دارد. بریتانیا در چارچوب رویکرد «بریتانیای جهانی» قصد دارد در دوران پسابرگزیت در سطح بین‌المللی و جهانی همچنان به‌عنوان یک قدرت بزرگ و پیرو هژمون، به نقش‌آفرینی بیشتر بپردازد.

evaluating the policy of ‘global britain’ in the post-brexit era based on the english school of international relations

introductionbrexit is generally seen as a move to focus more on national borders and british sovereignty; but it should be remembered that this issue also strongly affects britain’s international approaches. one of the policies that was particularly highlighted by the british government after brexit was the global britain policy, which seeks to expand britain’s influence globally. english school of international relations has a good capacity to explain the approach of global britain in the post-brexit era. in the theory of the english school, there are three important issues and bases on which the approach of global britain in the post-brexit period can be examined. these three important issues include pluralism and solidarity , primary institutions and secondary institutions and great power and hegemonic power . based on these three pillars, which almost form the main foundations of english school theory, the analysis of british global policy will become more logical and scientific in the post-brexit period. this article evaluates the hypothesis that the approach of global britain in the post-brexit period expresses the trend of british foreign policy from solidarity to pluralism, paying more attention to primary institutions, restoring the status of great britain and strengthening it in line with the special relationship with america. by adopting a theoretical approach and using the library method, this article evaluates the impact of brexit on british international policies based on the theory of the english school. it is believed that the english school is one of the main intellectual bases in the theories of international relations and one of the theories developed in britain. wilson and oliver believe that while the theory of the english school initially did not pay attention to the issues of integration and the level of regional analysis in general, but have also been paid attention to integration and divergence in the process of evolution of its concepts.methodologythe purpose of this article is to examine the approach of global britain in the foreign policy of this country and specifically to analyze brexit based on the important components of the theory of the english school. the main question here is that, what international effects has the global britain approach in britain’s foreign policy, especially after brexit? theoretically, this article is based on the english school in three areas of tension between the concepts of pluralism-solidarity of the international community , the nature and role of primary-secondary institutions and the importance of the position of great power-hegemony .findingsit seems that based on the central concepts of the english school, such as the dualism of solidarity-pluralism, primary institutions-secondary institutions, and great power-hegemonic power, it is possible to better and more operationally evaluate british global approach, especially after brexit.analyses pluralist approach and brexit: britain’s post-brexit global approach can be seen from three angles: britain’s relations with european countries (within the framework of pluralism in bilateral relations and solidarity on security issues), britain’s role in the united nations (focusing on thematic pluralism and euro-atlantic solidarity on security issues), and greater influence on the commonwealth of nations (within the framework of the pluralist approach). indeed, britain’s post-brexit global approach has prompted a review of britain’s foreign policy strategy including its implications for britain’s place in europe.the british tendency to maintain borders and national sovereignty as primary institutions using the principle of primary and secondary institutions: this section argues that britain’s withdrawal from the european union is not only a violation of britain’s commitment to the principle of primary institutions, but also a protest and challenge to the eu as a secondary institution.