افق‌گشایی ابن‌خلدون برای گذار از تباهی مدنی و انحطاط جوامع اسلامی به مدینه فاضله

سوال از انحطاط به‌ویژه وقتی یک جامعه دورانی از رشد و تعالی را در چند قرن سپری کرده و تمدنی زنده و پویا به ارمغان آورده و سپس از اوج به حضیض رسیده باشد، همواره اذهان اندیشمندان را به خود مشغول می‌سازد؛ ابن‌خلدون اندیشمندی است که در دوران انحطاط جامعه اسلامی در قرن هشتم، در پی آسیب‌شناسی از این انحطاط است و به‌عنوان جست‌وجوگری مسئله‌یاب درصدد ارائه راهکاری برای افق‌گشایی به سمت مدینه فاضله اسلامی است. ابن‌خلدون با نگاه ارگانیکی به جامعه، آفات و آسیب‌های یک جامعه را بررسی و با طرح سیاست عقلی و شرعی، پایداری دولت با وجود عصبیت دینی را تئوریزه می‌کند؛ این مقاله کنکاشی در تبیین طرح ابن‌خلدون برای گذار از انحطاط به‌سوی مدینه فاضله اسلامی و در پی پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که عوامل انحطاط جوامع اسلامی و حرکت به سمت مدینه فاضله اسلامی کدام است؟ روش تحقیق، تحلیل متنی بر اساس چارچوب نظری اسپریگنز است و فرضیه این مقاله این است که از منظر ابن‌خلدون توجه توامان به سیاست شرعی و عقلی راه گذار از انحطاط و رسیدن به مدینه فاضله اسلامی است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد در شرایط امروز که اندیشه سکولاریسم در شیوه حکمرانی گفتمان غالب در اذهان بسیاری شده است، می‌توان با استناد به دیدگاه‌های اندیشمندی شناخته‌شده برای جامعه غرب مجدداً گفتمان پیوند دین و سیاست را در قالب طرح توامان سیاست شرعی و عقلی برای دستیابی به شیوه حکمرانی مطلوب مبنای اندیشه‌ورزی قرار داد و در شرایط پست‌مدرنیته نگاهی نو به جایگاه دین در شیوه اداره جامعه و حکمرانی فرا راه نظریه‌پردازی‌های جدید قرار داد.

ibn khaldoun’s broadening horizons of the transition from civil decay and decline of islamic societies to utopia

introductionthe question of degeneration, especially when a society has gone through a period of growth and excellence for several centuries producing a vibrant and dynamic civilization occupies the minds of thinkers. ibn khaldun is a thinker who lived during the decline of islamic society in the 8th century; he searched for the pathology of this degeneration and tried to provide a solution to open the horizon towards the islamic utopia. ibn khaldoun, with an organic view of society, examines the pests and damages of a society and proposes a rational and religious policy for the stability of the state despite the nervousness. this article expounds the explanation of ibn khaldoun’s plan for the transition from decadence to the islamic utopia, and seeks an answer to this question: which factors did cause the decline of islamic societies and a movement towards the islamic utopia?methodologyvarious methods are used to analyze the thoughts of thinkers in the humanities. one of these methods is the method of textual analysis which -using studying and examining the works and writings of a thinke- extracts the thinker’s theory and thought in various fields. the article used the method of textual analysis and inspired by the theoretical framework of thomas spriggens on the subject of the decline of islamic society and the solutions to achieve utopia. problematology, reasonology, idealism and solutionology are explained in this article to study ibn khaldoun’s thought in the transition from civil corruption to utopia.results and discussionibn khaldoun has presented extensive discussions in the discussion of the pathology and etiology of the degeneration of societies, and the above titles are only a list of the most important reasons, then if we want to complete ibn khaldoun’s theory in the fourth step of spriggan’s theoretical framework, the most important finding of this research is ibn khaldoun’s solution. khaldoun’s solution to this crisis is his original and innovative point and a valuable contribution to the state of the islamic world today. faced with modernity, the islamic world is caught in a kind of self-loss and alienation, and despite the serious philosophical criticism of this system of thought by western thinkers, it is still wandering. according to ibn khaldoun, there is no other way to get rid of civil corruption than to follow religious recommendations, and attention to religion and religious teachings can prevent degeneration. ibn khaldoun has divided political systems into three groups according to their objectives: 1. primitive cultures or civilizations whose only aim is the pure life; 2. civilized rational political systems whose aim is the worldly good; 3. civilized religious systems whose aim is the good of this world and the hereafter. according to ibn khaldoun, the third model is desirable. in his book, he mentions two types of rational and religious policies to bring order to social affairs, and the type of political system is determined by which the policy that the ruler chooses. in general, it can be said that ibn khaldoun presented a new approach to the study of life and the course of social evolution with the project of civil engineering. he compiled the new science of civil engineering as the knowledge of social change and introduced social change as a subject of history.