لغو تصویب معاهده منع جامع آزمایش‌های هسته‌ای توسط روسیه و پیامدهای آن

در 3 نوامبر 2023 دولت روسیه طی نامه ای به دبیر کل سازمان ملل اعلام کرد که تصویب خود نسبت به معاهده منع جامع آزمایش های هسته ای را لغو می‌کند. روسیه این معاهده را در سال 1996 امضا و در سال 2000 تصویب کرده بود. اقدام روسیه با اعتراض برخی کشورها و سازمان‌های بین‌المللی مواجه و تضعیف کننده نظام منع گسترش و خلع سلاح هسته‌ای تلقی شد. . میزان مشروعیت اقدام روسیه در چارچوب موازین و مقررات بین‌المللی و آثار و پیامدهای مختلف این اقدام پرسشی است که این مقاله به بررسی و ارزیابی آن پرداخته است. روش  پژوهش مورد استفاده ترکیبی از دو تکنیک تحلیل حقوقی و روند‌پژوهی است. با این رویکرد در تجزیه و تحلیل میزان مشروعیت اقدام روسیه، روش کار عبارت از استنباط حکم از طریق استناد به مقررات، عرف و رویه‌های ذیربط بوده و شیوه تجزیه و تحلیل در بخش ارزیابی پیامدهای اقدام مورد بحث، دائر بر بهره‌مندی از تکنیک روندپژوهی است. یافته‌های کار حاکی از آن است که از منظر حقوقی منعی برای لغو تصویب معاهده منع جامع آزمایش‌های هسته‌ای به وسیله روسیه وجود نداشته است. با این وجود، اقدام روسیه ضمن اینکه موجب تغییر وضعیت حقوقی این کشور در ارتباط با معاهده‌‌ می‌شود،‌‌ این اقدام می‌تواند تبعات منفی بر چشم انداز آتی رژیم عدم اشاعه و خلع سلاح هسته‌ای و امنیت بین‌المللی در پی داشته باشد.

russia’s withdrawal of the ratification from the comprehensive nuclear test ban and its consequences

introductionthe comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty (ctbt), concluded in september 1996, aimed to curb nuclear proliferation by prohibiting explosive nuclear testing. although 187 states have signed the treaty and 177 have ratified it, however, the treaty has not yet implemented due to the specific procedural mechanism envisaged for its entry into force. on november 3, 2023, russia, which had ratified the ctbt in 2000 after signing it in 1996, in a letter to the secretary general of the united nations, announced its withdrawal of ratification from the treaty. this decision sparked international reactions and raised questions about the compatibility of russia’s action with international norms and the potential legal and security consequences. this article examines the legality of russia’s withdrawal of ratification from the treaty and analyzes its impacts on the treaty, international nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament regime, and international peace and security.methodologythe research method is a combination of legal analysis and trend impact techniques. in analyzing the legality of russia’s action, the working method consists of inferring the rules by referring to relevant regulations, customs and procedures, and the method of analysis in the evaluation of the consequences of this action is based on the trend impact analysis.findingsthe findings of this study are discussed under the following themes:1.legality of russia’s ratification withdrawalinternational law, the ctbt provisions, and united nations secretariat practice do not prohibit a state (russia) from withdrawing its ratification from the treaty (ctbt).2.negative effects on treaty implementationgiven russia’s significant nuclear capabilities and its historical role and efforts to facilitate entry into force of the treaty, its withdrawal of ratification from the treaty will pose challenges to the ctbt’s implementation and increase harnesses to the implementation of the treaty.3. impact on non-proliferation and disarmament regime and international peace and security. the ctbt plays a crucial role in preventing nuclear weapon proliferation and promoting nuclear disarmament. russia’s withdrawal of ratification from the treaty intensifies challenges related to nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament and international peace and security.analysisfrom the very beginning, russia has played an important and effective role in drafting and concluding and then facilitating entry into force of the ctbt. the russian federation was among the first states signed the treaty in 1996 and ratified it in 2000. however, following escalating tensions between the russia and the united states, especially in the aftermath of the ukraine conflict in february 2022, russia made the decision on november 3, 2023, to withdraw its ratification from the treaty. the central question pertains to the compatibility of russia’s action with established norms of international law. does the de-ratification of the treaty by russia conform to the rules of international law?”under international law, there is no explicit prohibition preventing a government from withdrawing its ratification of a treaty. consequently, russia’s decision to withdraw from the ctbt cannot be construed as a violation of its legal obligations.