تمایز امر سیاسی از امر اجتماعی در فلسفه ارسطو

در این مقاله تلاش شده تا مفهوم «امر سیاسی» در معنایی متفاوت از امر اجتماعی مورد توجه قرار گیرد و ویژگی‌های جامعه سیاسی، به‌عنوان نوع خاصی از زندگی و روابط اجتماعی و بستر تحقق امر سیاسی بررسی شود. جامعه سیاسی در یونان باستان با ظهور دولت‏شهرهای یونانی شکل گرفت و با این رخداد، زندگی و روابط اجتماعی انسان یونانی صورت سیاسی پیدا کرد. این رخداد همواره مورد توجه فیلسوفان این دوره بوده و در فلسفه ارسطو که در آخرین سال‌های حیات پولیس‌های یونانی زندگی می‌کرد، به کمال خود رسید. در آثار ارسطو، شکل‌گیری دولت‌شهرهای یونانی و تمایز آن از اجتماعات پیش از آن، به‌نحو اساسی مورد توجه بوده و در تلاش او طرحی از جامعه سیاسی به بیان می‌آید. او انسان را ذاتاً حیوانی «سیاسی» می‌داند که در شهر زندگی می‌کند و بر این اساس، جامعه سیاسی را از دیگر اجتماعات انسانی که براساس ضروریات زندگی شکل گرفته‌اند، متمایز می‌کند. در این مقاله، شکل‏گیری دولت‏شهرهای یونانی و جامعه سیاسی در آن، با رجوع و تمرکز بر آرای ارسطو مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. براساس این تحقیق، شکل‌گیری دولت‌شهرهای یونانی، نه صرفاً با توسعه روابط پیش از آن، بلکه در گسستی از آن مناسبات رخ می‌دهد و تحولی بنیادین در زندگی انسان یونانی به‌وجود می‌آورد.

the distinction between the political and the social in aristotle’s philosophy

introductionalthough in many political and historical texts no clear distinction is made between the political and the social, and each is used for all kinds of phenomena and relationships in the collective life of human beings, in the current century political thinkers have paid considerable attention to the distinction between these two concepts. (for example, hannah arendt in her book the human condition and carl schmidt in his essay the concept of the political matter ). in fact, contrary to what it may seem at first sight, the political matter is not realised in every human society and it is not possible to look for examples of this concept in every human society throughout history with an abstract general definition. trying to understand this distinction is a problem that this article tries to address with reference to aristotle’s philosophy and the history of the establishment of the greek city-states; because according to the claim of this article, in the history of the west, the political thing happened with the realisation of political society in the greek city-states - which coincided with the beginning of the history of the culture and civilisation of the west. understanding this event, which is expressed in the form of perfection in aristotle’s philosophy, is of considerable importance for understanding the history and contemporary culture of the west. contrary to what is often thought, there is a fundamental distinction between the political and the social, and this distinction, at the moment of the formation of the political society in ancient greece, was noticed by the philosophers of that period. in aristotle’s works, the formation of the greek polis and its distinction from the communities before it is of fundamental interest, and a plan of political society is expressed in his efforts. the importance of this distinction is due to the fact that with the emergence of the political society, the life and social relations of the greek people underwent a fundamental transformation.methodologyin this research, an attempt has been made to analyze the historical study of the formation of greek city-states by referring to aristotle’s opinions.the findings of this study are discussed in the following topics:the political matter refers to the deeply human and inherent aspects of man; contrary to the social matter which is related to the natural aspects of human social life.the political society in ancient greece was formed with the emergence of greek city-states, and with this event, the life and social relations of the greek people changed and took a political form.in aristotle’s works, the formation of the greek polis and its distinction from the communities before it is of fundamental interest, and a plan of political society is expressed in his work.aristotle’s idea of ​​the political animal is an attempt to describe the new life brought about by the establishment of the greek polis.the greek polis was not formed simply by the development of previous social relations; rather, it came about with a break from those relations and brought about a fundamental change in the life of the greek people.analysisin the history of the west, the political matter occurred with the realization of the political society in the greek city-states - which coincided with the beginning of the history of western culture and civilization. understanding this event, which is finally expressed in aristotle’s philosophy, has significant importance in understanding the history and current culture of the west. according to aristotle, man seeks good in political society; something that cannot be observed in other types of human communities.