طباطبایی و مسئله ایران: بازخوانی اندیشههای سید جواد طباطبایی براساس الگوی هایدگری شاعر

هدف این پژوهش بازخوانی و ارائه فهمی نو از اندیشه سید جواد طباطبایی درباره نظریه انحطاط و زوال اندیشه سیاسی در ایران، اندیشه سیاسی و اندیشه تاریخی وی است. پرسش اصلی پژوهش این است که وجوه فکری و روش‌شناختی سید جواد طباطبایی چه تاثیری بر درک وی از نظریه وضعیت انحطاط و ارائه راه برون‌رفت از آن داشته است؟  در فرضیه پژوهش استدلال می‌شود که روش‌شناسی و الگوی تحلیلی طباطبایی منجر به آن شد که وی افزون‌بر نشان دادن انحطاط تاریخی در آثار خود، عوامل موثر بر وقوع این انحطاط را نیز کشف کند. چارچوب نظری، بهره‌ای آزادانه از الگوی هایدگری شاعر است، و برای پاسخ به پرسش‌های پژوهشی از روش تحلیل مفهومی آثار برجسته طباطبایی و  بررسی تحلیل‌های پژوهشگران دیگری که در این زمینه نوشته‌اند، استفاده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش حکایت از آن دارد که هدف طباطبایی از پرسش «کجا ایستاده‌ایم؟»، آشکار کردن نسبت خود با مسئله ایران است. مسئله ایران به‌مثابه امر رازآلود، در اندیشه طباطبایی موضوعی است که در طول تاریخ ایران تداوم ‌یافته و در هر عصر و دوره‌ای به شکلی ویژه بیان‌ شده است. این ماندگاری نیازمند نیروهایی است که با اندیشه تاریخی تلاش کنند تا پرده از امر رازآلود ایران بردارند، و آن را در آثار خود تقریر و برجسته سازند. از این دیدگاه، وضعیت انحطاط ریشه در نبود این اندیشه و آگاهی تاریخی دارد، و راه برون‌رفت از آن نوزایی اندیشه تاریخی و تاریخ‌نویسی است.

tabatabai and the problem of iran: reading of tabatabai’s thoughts on the basis of heidegger’s concept of poet

undoubtedly, the intellectuals and thinkers of any society constitute an important and fundamental aspect of the material and spiritual life of that society. it would not be an exaggeration to equate the relationship between intellectuals-thinkers and society to the complicated link between the brain and the body. life in society is not devoid of normative and cultural aspects, and in fact, it is subjected to spiritual and cultural values. intellectuals and thinkers are concerned with, and influenced by, a multitude of questions including the following ones: what are these spiritual and cultural values? how can they be obtained? what are  the conditions for obtaining these values? how are they related to the current situation? how should the real situation be analyzed? what are its crises, and ups and downs?it is obvious that key political achievements such as the 1911 constitutional revolution and the 1979 islamic revolution in iran would not have been possible without the roles played by iranian intellectuals and thinkers. accordingly, it is necessary to study the roles of intellectuals-scholars and to investigate the way they think for the purpose of better understanding a society. seyyed javad tabatabai is one of the contemporary iranian political thinkers who has influenced the mainstream intellectual and academic settings for nearly four decades. the analysis of political thought in modern iran and particularly in the post-islamic revolution era is an important topic for those scholars who intend to understand the iranian history and society. what seems interesting in tabatabai’s thought and activities is his constant confrontation with other iranian intellectuals and thinkers, who have attempted to open the door to the careful analysis of the work of other scholars, albeit with harsh but fundamental criticisms.the main research question is: how have seyed javad tabatabai’s intellectual and methodological aspects of thought affected his understanding of the theory of the decline of political thought in iran, and the way out of this situation? in the research hypothesis, it is argued that tabatabai’s methodology and analytical model in his studies enabled him to show the historical decline of political thought in iran, and to discover the factors which have impacts on this decline. one of the issues that has always been the subject of discussions related to tabatabai is the knowledge of methodology and theoretical framework that gives life and direction to his outlook, and consequently to his works. the method used by tabatabai in his works and those who follow his ideas has been the subject of many debates. what complicates this issue is his deliberate avoidance of introducing his intellectual sources, although the works of hegel, even kant, foucault, althusser, strauss, arendt, and ranhart kozlek have been cited as his intellectual sources. only tabatabai himself can confirm whether these conjectures are correct or not. however, the fact that these names are mentioned by those who have tried to find the theoretical roots of tabatabai’s research highlights an important point—which is the complexity of tabatabai’s thinking that has confused practically everyone.in this article, we try to explain his understanding of the role of theory in political thought with heidegger’s conceptualization of the work of art and the poet in order to better understand tabatabai’s thinking. we do not intend to argue that tabatabai is influenced by heidegger, and thus add a new name to the list of people who have been claimed to influence tabatabai’s work. in this research, we use heidegger’s conceptualization of the work of art and the position of the poet and artist in order to have a model that explains some aspects of tabatabai’s viewpoint based on the elements of this model.