اقتصاد آشغال و جهان عاطفی رنج: مردم‌‌نگاری تهی‌دستان حاشیه‌‌نشین تبریز

در این مقاله، با توسل به مردم‌‌شناسی عواطف می‌‌خواهم حیات عاطفی و فرهنگ احساسات مردمان تهی‌‌دست قُپانلار محله قُپانلار در تبریز را در بسترهای بزرگ‌‌تر جمعی قرار بدهم و بفهمم. اقتصاد پررونق آشغال و ضایعات در چند سال اخیر در محله، پیوندهای جمعی جدیدی را خلق کرده که در آن تجربه هرروزه افراد، خانواده‌‌ها و اجتماع محلی تحت تاثیر قرار گرفته است. این اقتصاد، جامعه مردان قُپانلار را به سه گروه تقسیم کرده است: صاحبان کارگاه‌‌های بزرگ انبارکننده، وانت‌‌دارها و نیسان‌‌دارهای حمل‌‌کننده، و چرخی‌‌های گردآورنده آشغال‌‌ها و ضایعات. بر اساس کار میدانی طولانی‌‌مدت در دو دوره پژوهشی در این محله، به ترتیب سه و شش ماه، گردآوری داده‌‌ها را از طریق مشاهده مشارکت‌‌آمیز و سایر فنون از جمله گفت‌‌وگوی غیررسمی انجام دادم. یافته‌‌ها نشان می‌‌دهند که جهان عاطفی این مردمان فرودست حاشیه‌‌نشین، همزمان محل رنج کشیدن‌‌شان از چهار طریق است: 1) آن‌‌ها در گوش‌‌انداز آزاردهنده اقتصاد آشغال متعلق به خویشان و همسایگان‌‌شان می‌‌زیند و لذا باید امر غیرقابل تحمل را تحمل کنند. به‌‌طور خاص، زنان می‌‌جوشند ولی خودخوری می‌‌کنند؛ 2) مردان جوانی که شاهد پیشرفت صاحبان مغازه‌‌های ضایعاتی‌‌اند دیوانه می‌‌شوند. آن‌‌ها در بن‌‌بستی فرهنگی گیر کرده‌‌اند بین انتخاب شرف یا پیشرفت؛ 3) چرخی‌‌ها وقتی در محیطی بر سر سطل‌‌ها می‌‌روند که اکثر افراد قوم و خویش هم‌‌اند، شرمگین می‌‌شوند؛ و 4) با شیوع اقتصاد آشغال، عواطف والدین آذربایجانی، مشهور به غیرت‌‌ورزی، به بی‌‌تفاوتی تحمیل‌‌شده دگرگون می‌‌شود. این عواطف هرروزه آزاردهنده، عنصری اصلی‌‌اند در جامعه و فرهنگ قُپانلار قُپانلار.

garbage economy and emotional world of suffering:an ethnographic research among poor marginalized people of tabriz

introduction: in this article, through anthropology of emotions, i will consider the emotional life and feeling culture of mallazeynal, a poor neighborhood of tabriz, in the broader collective contexts. prosperous garbage economy in recent few years in this neighborhood has created new social relations in which the everyday experience of individuals, families, and local community has been influenced. this economy has divided the men of mallazeynal in three different groups: owners of big storehouse of wastes, owners of carrying and transferring cars, and gatherers of garbage who work with handwheel.method: based on the two longterm fieldwork, three and six months follow up in last two years, i had been witnessed and listener of rage and shame of the two group of whom their livelihood have been possible through this economy. the collecting of data based mainly on participant observation and presence in the field. through taking everyday notes from situations, persons, and dialogues, a big body of data set produced. although the primary forms of analysis of fieldnotes was written during field research, the final and systematic analysis started by leaving the field: reading fieldnotes line by line and recognizing themes. then, for each them, i wrote a memo. the eventual ethnographic writing is a combination of fieldnote excerptscommentary units, all of which connected with each other by reference to main theme. these units are examples of lived scenes and situations which help us to understand how one domain of collective life, social relations around the economy of garbage, shaped particular feelings among poor people. emotional world of this poor marginalized people is the one resource of their suffering.findings: the people of mallazeynal suffer through four emotional ways. first, they live in a noisemaking soundscape of garbage economy of their relatives and neighbors, therefore should bear the unbearable. without any permission to protest, they, especially women, boil but eat themselves. second, men got mad when they witness the progress of owners of storehouses by nonmoral ways. bewildered to choice between honor or progress, men, especially young, caught in a cultural dilemma. third, working as a gatherers of garbage, in a setting in which most people are familial with each other, inferior group of this economy experience extreme levels of shame. and fourth, the currency of garbage economy has make parents apathy about their young children whom send to work, collecting garbage.conclusion: men and women of mallazeynal control their inner and intense feelings. otherwise, they fear to lose their control and became mad. in this way, they inter in a process of internalizing negative emotions. these emotions go through their bodies and psyches. the suffering of mallazeynal people have been medicalized, which explain why they are big users of medical drugs.