مطالعه تاب آوری جامعه روستایی در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: مجتمع روستایی کوییک سرپل‌ذهاب)

امروزه وقوع مخاطرات طبیعی مانند زلزله به لحاظ گستره تاثیراتی که بر زندگی اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی افراد و جوامع انسانی دارند، میتوانند به مثابه یکی از عوامل موثر بر تحولات اجتماعی به شمار آیند. این پژوهش به مطالعه تاب آوری در جوامع روستایی در برابر زلزله (مجتمع روستایی کوییک) در زلزله آبان ماه 1396 سرپلذهاب پرداخته و هدف آن تشریح تاب آوری و چگونگی عملکرد آن بر کاهش آسیبپذیری اجتماعی و بازسازی جامعه فاجعه دیده است. پژوهش حاضر تحقیقی کیفی و از نوع مطالعه میدانی است. در این پژوهش در مجموع 25 مصاحبه با نمونهگیری ناهمگون و با حداکثر تنوع تا حصول به اشباع مفهومی انجام گرفته است. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد، تاب آوری ابعاد کالبدی محیطی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و نهادی را شامل می شود. تابآوری اجتماعی از سرمایه اجتماعی و سرمایه نمادین افراد تاثیر می پذیرد و آن باعث شکل گیری شرایط جهت بهبود تابآوری کالبدی و نهادی در مجتمع روستایی زلزله زده کوییک شده است از این رو تلاش سیاستگذارانه برای افزایش سرمایه اجتماعی و نمادین افراد جامعه جهت تاب آوری در مقابل بحران های محیطی یک امر مهم و استراتژیک تلقی می شود که آن می تواند در شکل دهی و به وجود آوردن شرایط مطلوب آمادگی، پاسخگویی، بازیابی و بازسازی در برابر مصائب جمعی نقش بسزایی داشته باشد.

Study of rural community resilience against earthquake (Case study: kuaick Rural Complex, in Sarpole Zahab)

Introduction: Earthquake experience in Iran has shownthat due to the location of settlements in the country, regardless of the seismicity of the environment, worn texture and low durability of the village, the unpreparedness of the villagers in facing it, low level of use of technology, etc. In such event consequently, destruction and other human and financial losses would come true. Today, governments adopt a variety of strategies to reduce the effects of natural hazards. One of these approaches is resilience to natural hazards. Resilience is a way to strengthen societies by using their capacities and different definitions, approaches, indicators and measurement models have been formed about it. Resilience is the concept that a local community can withstand severe natural disasters without being harmed by destructive casualties and loss of productivity or quality of life, and receive a great deal of help from outside the community. Kuaick Rural Complex was one of the villages that was completely destroyed in November 2017 in Sarpole Zahab earthquake due to its nonstandard and weak structure and body. 78 residents of this village died in the earthquake. One of the objectives of this research is to know how to respond, retrieve and reconstruct this village, which has gained a favorable experience based on social resilience and benefits from cultural and social capital. Method: The present study is a qualitative research and a field study. This method has mostly done through indepth semistructured observation and interviews. In this research, the researcher has directly and interactively discussed and observed the affected individuals and groups. In this study, 25 interviews were conducted with heterogeneous sampling and with maximum variety to achieve conceptual saturation. By comparing these interviews with each other, the study of resilience and its dimensions and the impact of social and cultural capital on the degree of resilience in rural society have been studied. Findings: The findings of this study have indicated that resilience from a physicalenvironmental perspective after the earthquake in this village is considered desirable due to the benefit of social capital and cultural symbolism. In terms of economic resilience, society's capacity to return to preaccident economic conditions and society's capacity to reduce future exposure have not been favorable, but people of Kuaick Rural Complex, despite highest rate of damage among the earthquakestricken villages of SarpoleZahab, have had a very significant social resilience, which has a direct impact on increasing physical, environmental, economic and institutional resilience. This village has highly taken advantages of social resilience which is relied on social capital as well as symbolic resilience. Since the feature of many rural communities is the presence of social and symbolic capital in times of crisis, the use of these features to reduce vulnerability is emphasized. Conclusion: Today, resilience analysis of human settlements has become an important and influential field. Accordingly, the analysis and increase of resilience against risks in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development is of particular importance. According to the process of resilience analysis, Kuaick Rural Complex can be considered a society with good resilience, the most important reason is the impact of social indicators on resilience. In our country, according to anthropological characteristics and recent research findings, the most effective component in increasing resilience is the dimension of social capital and symbolic capital, which makes the situation of social resilience more favorable compared to other dimensions of resilience.