طراحی شاخص های سنجش مفهوم عادت واره کسب و کار(مورد مطالعه شرکت‌های رشد و دانش‌بنیان دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد)

با توجه به اینکه بسیاری از شرکت های نوپا و نوآور توسط دانشجویان و فارغ التحصیلان دانشگاهی تشکیل شده است، یکی از مهمترین مشکلات این شرکتها توانمندی ورود به بازار است. این توانمندی معمولاً به تدریج و در اثر فعالیتهای مختلف در میدان کسب و کار در فرد درونی شده و جزئی از عادات و رفتار او میشود که میتواند به مثابه عادت واره کسب و کار راهنمای عملی وی باشد. هدف تحقیق حاضر طراحی شاخص های سنجش مفهوم عادت واره کسب و کار است. جامعه آماری کلیه اعضای فعال در شرکت های رشد و دانشبنیان دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد و حجم نمونه که به روش نمونهگیری به شکل تصادفی از لیست اعضای شرکتها انتخاب شده، برابر با 204 نفر است. عادتواره کسب و کار در این تحقیق شامل چهار بعد نوآوری، تعامل اجتماعی، بازارگرایی و ارائه طرح کسب و کار بر اساس چهار نوع سرمایه در میدان کسب و کار است. یافتههای تحقیق نشان میدهد که نمره میانگین شاخص عادت واره کسب و کار اعضای شرکت های رشد و دانش بنیان دانشگاه در حد متوسط است. از بین ابعاد مرتبط با این شاخص میانگین متغیر نوآوری از سایر ابعاد دیگر عادتواره کمتر است در حالی که سه بعد دیگر تقریبا در حد متوسط با هم برابر هستند. نتیجه پژوهش اینکه استراتژی شکلگیری عادتواره کسب و کار داشتن توانمندی بازارگرایی با شناخت مناسب بازار، توانایی تعاملات اجتماعی در کسب و کار با استفاده از روابط عمومی بالا، داشتن توانایی نوآوری در تمام بخشهای کسب و کار و داشتن توانایی تجاری سازی یعنی قدرت ارائه ایده های مناسب و کاربردی است.

Design Measurement Indicators For the concept of business habitus(Case Study: incubator units and knowledge based companies at ferdowsi university of mashhad)

Introduction: The most important problems of innovative companies is about business capabilities and skills especially for students and university graduates who have less cognition with the business environment because of education. these abilities can be cal[1]led business habitus which is gradually internalized in the individual and be a part of his behavior and habits. it is A practical guide for the individual who acted in the field of business and is different among people. business habitus assessment determines whether it is strong or weak in quantitative form and helps to economic actors to strengthen it. Method: Research methods is a description of the survey type. statistical community of research is all active members of technology incubator and knowledgebased companies of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. criteria for selecting companies is based on the names in the technology incubatorthat were stationed in technology incubator. after determining the number of companies(about 100 companies) and its members(relatively about 400 people) sample size was selected 204 of people through the Cochran's formula.  sampling method was simple random with no substitute that were selected from the list of companies. for gather information used from a researchermade questionnaire to measure business habitus in four dimensions of market orientation, social interaction, innovation and business plan presentation. the reliability of the indicators is checked through Cronbach's alpha for items of business habitus dimension. for structural validity used from factor analysis by structural equation method to increase the validity of content used from comments of professors, experts and company managers. Finding: Mean and standard deviation of the business habitus index score of the members of the university's growth and knowledgebased companies is intermediate. average innovation variable is lower of other dimensions of habitus. the other three dimensions are almost equal. confirmatory factor analysis of each dimension of the index has been performed and the final habitus business model based on structural equations it shows increases business habitus when increase all four dimensions of innovation, social interactions in business, market orientation and business plan and have a high score. Conclusion: According to the results business habitus Index in terms of dimensions and importance it's the same with the expectation that is from a capable person in the business environment and checked in various researches. the final strategy of business habitus formation can be described that is included capability of market orientation with proper knowledge of the market in order to evaluate how products or services enter the market based on technical knowledge, ability to interact socially in business using high public relations in business and economic communications, ability to innovate and strengthen the dimension of innovation in all parts of the production process of the company's products and services, the ability to commercialize means the ability to present appropriate and practical ideas and the ability to have the knowledge to turn an idea into a final product.