مطالعۀ جامعه‌شناختی تحول الگوهای عشق‌ورزی در میان ساکنان متاهل شهر اردبیل (1398)

مقالۀ حاضر به مطالعۀ تحول الگوهای عشق‌ورزی در روابط انسانی پرداخته است. تغییر در ابعاد اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و سیاسی در جامعۀ ایران در دهه‌های اخیر سبب شده است که تحول اساسی در الگوهای عشق‌ورزی افراد، حتی در صمیمی‌ترین شکل آن روی دهد. این پژوهش کیفی بوده و از روش نظریۀ داده‌بنیاد (گراندد تئوری) در آن استفاده ‌شده است. شیوۀ گردآوری داده‌ها نیز مطالعۀ اسناد و مصاحبه‌های عمیق اکتشافی با 41 نفر از افراد متاهل بود که روایت‌های آن‌ها در عشق‌ورزی تحلیل شد. روایی این پژوهش را مصاحبه‌شوندگان و سپس استادان متخصص بررسی و تایید کردند. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش مقایسۀ مستمر طی مرحلۀ کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش براساس پنج محور که عامل اصلی تحول الگوی عشق‌ورزی هستند ارزیابی و در سه فرایند تحلیل ‌شدند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها نشان می‌دهد عوامل اشاعۀ مدرنیسم، توسعۀ فناوری، فردی‌شدن، سنت‌گریزی و بالارفتن میزان تحصیلات، همچنین عوامل مداخله‌گر تنوع‌طلبی و افزایش اوقات فراغت و شرایط زمینه‌ای شهرنشینی و گسترش فضای مجازی بر پدیدۀ هسته‌ای تکه‌تکه‌شدن عشق و متعاقب آن بر دگرگونی کردارها و تحول عشق‌ورزی تاثیر گذاشته‌اند و سبب دگرگونی خانوادۀ ایرانی و شکل‌گیری شکل‌های جدیدی از روابط شده‌اند. در فرایند پژوهش 9 الگوی متفاوت عشق‌ورزی شناسایی شدند که عبارت‌اند از: عشق‌ورزی سنتی (پشت‌صحنه‌ای، مردسالارانه)، عشق‌ورزی رمانتیک، عشق‌ورزی دوستانه، عشق‌ورزی واقع‌گرایانه، عشق‌ورزی شهوانی، عشق‌ورزی فداکارانه، عشق‌ورزی ناب، عشق‌ورزی بازیگرانه و عشق‌ورزی سیال.

Sociological study of the evolution of lovemaking patterns among married residents of Ardabil city (1398)

Introduction: The current article has studied the evolution of lovemaking patterns in human relationships. The fundamental changes in the social, economic, cultural and political dimensions of Iranian society in recent decades have led to a fundamental change in the patterns of lovemaking of individuals, even in its most intimate form. Significant changes have occurred in romantic relationships between individuals. The formation of riots and tensions between spouses, increasing divorce rates and the increasing prevalence of concepts such as understanding, mutual interest, emotional divorce, infidelity, polygamy, casual love, fleeting relationships, etc. indicate a change in the patterns of lovemaking that traditional practices of romantic relationships, Has faced a serious challenge. Method: This research has been carried out qualitatively and the grounded theory method has been used as the research method. and the of data collection method was document study, depth exploratory interviews with 41 married people According to the theoretical sampling presented in Ardabil city awhose narratives had been analyzed in lovemaking. The validity of current study was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then expert professors. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method was used during the open, axial and selective coding stage. The results of the research are analyzed based on five axes that are the main factor in the evolution and three processes of the lovemaking pattern. Finding: The analysis indicate that factors of the spread of modernism, technology development, individualization, apostasy and increment of the level of education, as well as intervening factors of diversity and increment leisure and urbanization and the expansion of cyberspace on the core phenomenon of fragmentation of love and subsequent change in behavior and The evolution of lovemaking has affected and transformed the Iranian family and the formation of new forms of relationships. In the research process, 9 varius patterns of lovemaking were identified, which are: 1) Traditional lovemaking (behind the scenes, patriarchal) 2) Romantic lovemaking 3) Friendly lovemaking 4) Realistic lovemaking 5) Erotic lovemaking 6) Sacrific lovemaking 7) Pure lovemaking 8)Playful lovemaking And 9) Liquid lovemaking. Results & Conclusion: Numerous causal, underlying and moderating factors have led to the evolution of lovemaking patterns in the study community. The evolution of the patterns of lovemaking is such that the more we move from the past and traditional and contemporary behaviors, the more romantic acts of fluidity, instability, multiplicity and diversity. Each of these patterns is represented by distinct features. In the traditional pattern of lovemaking, expressing love in public is considered ugly and shameful, far from chastity and even disrespectful, and romantic acts become an extrasecret act and are exiled to the social scene. Also, more obedient women are in fact submissive and a tool to meet the sexual needs of men. Romantic lovemaking is associated with romantic behaviors that are strongly expressed and appearance, appearance, beauty, mutual understanding are important, and sometimes onesided sacrifices occur in this type of lovemaking pattern. Playful lovemaking is a clear manifestation of secrecy and dishonesty, and friendly lovemaking means the preference of friendship before marriage in the formation of lovemaking. Logical aspects such as job, morality and behavior of the individual and parents, being good and having inherited and cultural commonalities are important in realistic lovemaking. Erotic lovemaking emerges with the characteristics of lover focus on lover, sense of ownership over lover, and intense sexual need. Instead, sacrificing love is characterized by selfsacrifice for one’s spouse, enduring hardships and pain for the sake of one’s spouse. Prioritizing the emotional satisfaction of spouses, expressing interest through receiving gifts, direct expression of love and affection and a sympathetic attitude in the absence of mutual interest and other issues, are the distinctive features of pure lovemaking with other patterns. Finally, liquid lovemaking implies its hobby, the importance of money, the formation of playfulness in relationships, extramarital sex experiences, and the formation of unstable virtual relationships have shaped the new pattern of lovemaking. Numerous emotional and sexual relationships with different people, the importance of money and material in relationships, temporary and casual friendships, the dominance of virtual relationships, the development of extramarital relationships and the performance of love as a playful phenomenon show the formation of relationships. The figure has somehow caused the fragmentation of lovemaking and the consequent fundamental consequences, including the transformation of the family as well as the transformation of the social situation.