نگرش به بدن: تفاوت یا تعارض نسلی (مطالعۀ نگرش نسلی بدن‌مندی نوجوانان در شهر تهران)

هدف اصلی این مقاله، واکاوی درک و نگرش نوجوانان تهرانی به‌مثابۀ یک نسل دربارۀ بدن خودشان و دیگران در گروه همسالان و پس از آن، بررسی نگرش بزرگسالان به‌مثابۀ نسل‌های پیشین دربارۀ این درک از بدن نزد نوجوانان است. یافته‌های پژوهش مبتنی بر مصاحبۀ عمیق اکتشافی با 17 نوجوان دختر و پسر (15 تا 18 ساله) و 14 بزرگسال زن و مرد (21 تا 48 ساله) در شهر تهران و تحلیل تماتیک (مفهومی) داده‌های گردآوری‌شده بود. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد هرچند نگرش‌های مدرن دربارۀ بدن در میان نوجوانان رواج دارد و بسیاری از آنان بدن را مسئله‌ای تغییرپذیر می‌دانند که بیشتر مایۀ حیرت و گاهی نگرانی نسل‌های پیشین است، خود این تغییر، در بیشتر موارد به شکلی متناقض از الگوهای قدیمی مبتنی بر دوگانه‌انگاری مردانه/ زنانه پیروی می‌کند. این وضعیت حاکی از آن است که هرچند از نظر صوری بدن‌مندی نوجوانان شکلی جدید و گاهی غریب به خود گرفته است، در بطن این بدن‌مندی جدید همان ارزش‌ها و الگوهای نسل‌های پیشین با قوت پابرجا هستند و تنها بروز و ظهور متفاوتی یافته‌اند. نگرش بزرگسالان به این بدن‌مندی نوجوانان را نیز می‌توان در قالب سه سنخ «داغ ننگ»، «مدال افتخار» و «بی‌اعتنایی» فهم کرد.

Attitude to the Body: Generational Differences or Conflicts (Study of Generational Attitude toward Adolescent Embodiment in Tehran)

Introduction: Body can be comprehended as the root of human identity, a time and a place in which the social world is embodied. Our understanding of our body and the meanings signified by this understanding vary depending on different social contexts. Moreover, adolescence is a period which body as an unfinished and changing project becomes an acute and critical sphere. The main aim in this article, first, is to analyse the understanding and attitude of adolescents in Tehran as a generation toward their body and others’ in their peer group. And second, to study the attitude adults as previous generations have toward this adolescents’ understanding of body. In fact, the main effort is to learn how adolescents distinguish between bodies, and based on what regulations they classify bodies. And then to learn what attitudes adults have toward this understanding of body.Method: This study has been done through “Qualitative Research” and the data is grounded in “Indepth and SemiStructured Interviews” with 17 adolescent boys and girls (aged 15 to 18) and 14 adult men and women (aged 21 to 48) in Tehran. The Maximum Variation sampling is used for finding the cases in various types and theoretical sampling is used to achieve conceptual saturation. Finally, the interview data were coded and categorized by “Thematic analysis”.Finding: Results show modern attitude toward body prevails among adolescents and most of them recognize body changeable and becoming. Although this understanding leads to puzzlement and sometimes worry for previous generations, the change itself and its ruling regulations paradoxically follow the totally traditional and gendered (masculine body and feminine body) patterns. Although this configuration seemingly represents adolescents’ embodiment ground breaking and altered, it has roots in values and patterns of previous generations. The same values and patterns but with different emersion and representation. It needs to be mentioned, the existing and continuity of these traditional regulations lies beneath the deep layers of this understanding and cannot be revealed effortlessly.Conclusion: Therefore, most of both adolescents and adults contradict the existence and continuity of these regulations. This contradiction is comprehensible. Part of the adolescents’ fulfilment and identification is constructed from this contradiction they feel between themselves and previous generations. Approving this convergence of these apparently different regulations in understanding body, causes a crisis in their identification. Additionally, adults resist approving this convergence mostly because the outstanding difference they observe between the emergence and representation of this embodied understanding the adolescents and previous generations have; therefore, adults cannot recognize the fundamental and significant similarities. Occasionally, the idea of existing such contradiction gives identity to previous generations. Therefore, seemingly these two sides of this equation strive to accentuate the differences in order to consolidate the boundaries of “self” and “others” as two or more different generations.