فاصلۀ اجتماعی و خصیصۀ اقتصادی سنجش رابطۀ فاصلۀ اجتماعی و خصیصۀ اقتصادی در نگرش گردشگران و کسبۀ مقیم یزد به یزدیها

مفهوم «فاصلۀ اجتماعی» به میزان پذیرش و احساس دوری یا نزدیکی در گروه‌های قومی و همچنین گتوهای شهری اشاره دارد. این مفهوم در عرصۀ فعالیت‌های اقتصادی موجب همگرایی و واگرایی میان کنشگران اقتصادی در جهت تعقیب اهداف اقتصادی می‌شود. شهر یزد به‌دلیل محصوربودن در کویر و ویژگی‌های خاص فرهنگی، دارای خصیصه‌های اقتصادی خاص هم هست. مردم یزد به‌دلیل داشتن روحیۀ همزیستی و رواداری، در تعامل دیرینه با سایر گروه‌ها و خرده‌فرهنگ‌ها قرار دارند. هدف این تحقیق، سنجش و تحلیل رابطۀ میان فاصلۀ اجتماعی و مراودۀ اقتصادی در میان کسبۀ غیربومی و گردشگران یزدی با مردم یزد است. روش مورد استفاده در این تحقیق کمی است که با ابزار پرسشنامۀ استاندارد و محقق‌ساخته با روایی 70 درصد از میان نمونۀ 300 نفری از گردشگران و کسبۀ غیربومی، به‌صورت خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای در محدودۀ بافت گردشگری یزد تکمیل شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد احساس فاصلۀ اجتماعی پاسخگویان در ارتباط با مردم یزد نسبتاً کم است و آنان نگرش مثبت‌تری به مراودۀ اقتصادی با یزدی‌ها دارند. بااین‌حال، احساس فاصلۀ اجتماعی کسبۀ غیریزدی از یزدی‌ها بیشتر از فاصلۀ گردشگران از آن‌ها است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد بین فاصلۀ اجتماعی و نگرش به خصایص اقتصادی یزدی‌ها، و متغیرهای زمینه‌ای مانند جنسیت و سن پاسخگویان، رابطۀ معنادار و مستقیم وجود دارد.

Social Distance and Economic CharacterAssessing the Relationship between Social Distance and Economic Characteristics in the Attitude of Tourists and Businessmen Living in Yazd towards Yazidis

Introduction: The concept of social distance refers to the degree of acceptance or nonacceptance that is felt by members of a group to join a group compared to other specific groups. This concept refers to the degree of acceptance and feeling of distance or closeness in ethnic groups as well as urban ghettos. The concept of social distance in the field of economic activities causes convergence and divergence among economic actors in order to pursue economic goals among them. The city of Yazd has special economic characteristics due to its location due to for being surrounded by the desert and special cultural features. The people of Yazd, because of their spirit of coexistence and tolerance, are in longterm interaction with other groups and subcultures. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the relationship between “social distance” and economic interaction between nonnative businesspeople and Yazdi tourists with the people of Yazd.Method: The method used in this research is quantitative, which has been completed with a standard and researchermade questionnaire with a high validity of 70% from a sample of 300 tourists and nonnative businessmen in the form of multistage cluster sampling in the tourism context in Yazd.Finding: The results showed that the respondents’ sense of social distance in relation to the people of Yazd is relatively low and they have a more positive attitude towards having economic relations with Yazidis. However, the feeling of social distance of a nonprofit business is greater than that of tourists. The results of this study also show that tourists have a more positive attitude compared to businesspeople, both in relation to social distance and in relation to measuring economic characteristics. The results also show that there was a significant difference between the contextual questions of age, gender, education and occupation in relation to social distance. There is a positive and significant relationship between social distance and economic characteristics, so that the lower the social distance, the more positive the attitude towards the economic characteristics of Yazidis and the more the social distance increases, the more negative the attitude towards the economic characteristics of Yazidis becomes. Conclusion: Action based on social distance is the level of distance and difference that individuals should consider in their social interactions with others. The issue of social distance, based on the theory of symbolic interaction, with the concepts of “self and other communication. In this theory, actors act through the meaning they attribute to the actions of others. Accordingly, symbolic interaction of categories such as “self, other and meaningful action” gives meaning to the action of individuals through separation and differentiation in their action with others and affect the collective identity as another and “separate selves”. In essence, social distance directs the action of individuals through limiting and differentiating characteristics. Social distance in the economic exchange of actors directs their actions and can lead to the emergence of ethnic entrepreneurship in urban ghettos. Accordingly, the social distance approach implies the role of social factors such as class structure and group and ethnic status on economic activities. With the approach of social distance in economic action, factors such as race, ethnicity and characteristics of residential areas and social factors such as residence and education affect economic success. In Iran, studies related to social distance have been relevant due to their cultural diversity and the existence of multiple mosaic cultures, and many studies have been conducted. However, the studies are less relevant to economic relations, and in this research, an attempt has been made to measure the economic behavior of nonYazidi businessmen living in Yazd and tourists in relation to the people of Yazd. The innovative aspect of this paper is the importance of economic and social ties in economic relations.