نقش اثر حقیقت خیالی در باورپذیری خبرهای دروغین فضای مجازی

اثر حقیقت خیالی یعنی هنگامی که گزاره‌ای را پیش‌تر دیده‌ایم و با آن آشنا هستیم، آسان‌تر باور می‌کنیم؛ زیرا سیالی پردازش آن گزاره افزایش یافته است و این می‌تواند دلیل باورکردن خبرهای دروغین فضای مجازی باشد که معمولاً چند بار دیده می‌شود. در یک طرح آزمایشی و با هدف بررسی نقش اثر حقیقت خیالی در باورکردن خبرهای دروغین فضای مجازی، فراخوان شرکت در پژوهش به 50 هزار مشترک همراه اول و ایرانسل شهر تهران فرستاده شد و 1455 نفر (631 مرد) با میانگین سنی 27 سال در پژوهش شرکت کردند. ابزار پژوهش، 24 خبر دروغین بود. در مرحله آشناسازی هشت خبر تازه، در مرحله ارزیابی هشت خبر تازه و هشت خبر مرحله آشناسازی و در مرحله پیگیری هشت خبر تازه، هشت خبر مرحله ارزیابی و هشت خبر مرحله آشناسازی به آزمودنی‌ها نشان داده و از آن‌ها خواسته شد که صحت هر خبر را نمره‌گذاری کنند. تحلیل واریانس اندازه‌های تکراری نشان می‌دهد که حتی درباره خبرهایی که آزمودنی‌ها هوشیارانه از آشنایی با آن‌ها آگاه نبودند، هر اندازه تعداد رویارویی پیشین (آشنایی) با خبرها بیشتر بود، راست‌پنداری خبرها نیز بیشتر بود؛ پس اثر حقیقت خیالی می‌تواند یکی از دلایل باورکردن خبرهای دروغین باشد.

the role of illusory truth effect in believing the false news of cyberspace

introduction: why do so many people believe fake cyberspace news? what are the mechanisms underlying these misconceptions? current research tests a possible answer to this question: previous encounters (being familiar) with false news. because news are so easily spread in cyberspace, people see news in different contexts of cyberspace (such as instagram, telegram, twitter, facebook, etc.), and this means that they see one news more than once.method: the study included 1,455 participants with that the mean and standard deviation of their age was 27.10 and 3.88, respectively, with a range of 18 to 39 years, and 631 of whom were male. the instrument of this study were 24 false news headlines. with a dependent true experimental design (or repeated measures), the participants were tested in a fourstep experiment: in the familiarizing phase, eight false news headlines were shown to the subjects and they were asked if they wanted to share the news with other; in the assessment phase, sixteen false news headlines were shown to the subjects, that eight of them had been seen in the familiarizing phase and eight headlines were new, and the subjects were asked to rate the familiarity and accuracy of each news; in the followup phase, twentyfour false news headlines were shown to the subjects, that eight of them had been seen in familiarizing phase and in assessment phase (i.e., twice), eight of them had been seen only in the evaluation phase (i.e., once), and eight headlines were new, and subjects were asked to rate the familiarity and accuracy of each news.findings: repeated measures anova showed that the confrontation effect was significant, i.e., the familiarized news were rated more accurate than the nonfamiliarized news. additionally, in the followup phase, repeated measures anova showed that the effect of the confrontation was significant, so that were rated more familiar than once familiarized news and nonfamiliarized news.results & conclusion: the current study showed that the familiarized news were more believable than the new news. the impact of confrontation on believing the news not only lasted for ten days, but also increased with the second confrontation. the mechanism of illusory truth effect is that human beings seek the easiest way to judge the rightness /wrongness of propositions, and one of these easy ways is the processing fluency, i.e., the human beings easily believe whatever they easily understand, and being familiar with propositions helps to easily understand them.