تحلیل روند تقاضای اجتماعی برای تحصیل در رشته دانشگاهی «آموزش عالی»

تقاضای اجتماعی پذیرفته‌شده در رشته آموزش عالی در مقاطع مختلف تحصیلی در تامین نیروی انسانی متخصص از حیث تولید و گسترش علم، حل مسائل و مشکلات نظام آموزش عالی کشور بسیار مهم است؛ از این‌رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل روند تقاضای اجتماعی برای تحصیل در رشته دانشگاهی «آموزش عالی» انجام شده است. بر همین اساس، آمار همه تقاضاهای اجتماعی پذیرفته‌شده برای تحصیل در رشته آموزش عالی در مقاطع و گرایش‌های مختلف (جامعه مدنظر) از زمان تاسیس رشته (سال تحصیلی 1381-1382)، بررسی و تحلیل شده است. روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به‌صورت بررسی اسنادی و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و آماری و روش تحلیل اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده تحلیل محتوایی است. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که از سال تحصیلی 13921393 به بعد (تا سال 13971398) همواره تعداد دانشجویان مقطع دکتری بسیار بیشتر از دانشجویان مقاطع دیگر بوده و در همه سال‌های پذیرش نیز تعداد مردان بیشتر از تعداد زنان بوده است؛ درحالی‌که در مقطع کارشناسی ارشد در این رشته در بسیاری از سال‌ها از جمله از سال 1390 تاکنون همواره بیشترین تقاضای اجتماعی پذیرفته‌شده مربوط به زنان بوده است که انتظار می‌رفت تا در دوره دکتری نیز تقاضای اجتماعی پاسخ‌داده‌شده به زنان، بیش از مردان باشد، اما عملاً این‌گونه نشده است. یکی از پیامدهای کاهش تقاضای اجتماعی این رشته در دوره دکتری از سوی زنان، ترکیب جنسیتی اعضای هیئت‌علمی این رشته به نفع مردان و پایداری این ترکیب در سمت‌های مدیریتی آموزش عالی کشور در درازمدت خواهد بود.

An Analysis on the Trend of Social Demand for Studying in Higher Education Academic Major

Introduction: The accepted social demand in higher education academic major plays an important role in providing the specialized human resources of the society in different educational levels and especially, in master and PhD level, in terms of produce and disseminate science, solving the problems of the higher education system and the country. Therefore, with an analysis of the process of accepting social demand in this field, it will be possible to respond appropriately to these demands. Also, it will be useful for policy making and planning regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of higher education and measuring and accepting students based on Ministry of Science, Research and Technology needs. Method: This study is an applied research. The aim was to analyze the trend of social demand for studying in higher education academic major. The statistics of all accepted social demands in the field of higher education in all educational levels including PhD, master, bachelor and associate degrees with different orientations, from the establishment of this academic major (academic year 20122013) was studied. Data collection was used documentary and library studies, and the statistics used were obtained from the Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education. The method of analysis was the analysis of the content of the documents (secondary analysis). Findings: The findings indicated that the highest number of accepted demand in the associate degree and bachelor degree were in 20082009. Also, the highest number of accepted demand in the master degree was in 20112012 and the highest number of accepted demand in was 20172018. From the academic year of 20132014 (until 20182019), the number of PhD students has always been significantly higher than the other academic levels. In all years of admission, the number of males was more than females. According to the statistics of the trend of accepting social demands and also, the statistics of graduates of this academic major in master and PhD degrees, it is estimated that there will be 154 master graduates and 118 PhD graduates. In other words, there will 154 theses and 118 dissertations in this field, each of those has been written on various practical topics. Discussion: What can be assessed from the study of the accepted social demand trend in associate degree is the isolation of higher education institutions. Therefore, due to the relatively long interval between two periods of student admission at this academic level, the role of superior institutes is highlighted. Because course titles and their acceptance capacity is determined by policy makers in this field, such as Student Assessment and Admission Council and so on. Therefore, it can be said that in our country, the accepted demand in this major and at this level has been based more on the decisions of policymakers than the real social demand of individuals to choose this academic major. Also, the trend of admission for bachelor degree indicates that the social demand is not taken into account in accepting students of this major; rather, other criteria and indicators for attracting and accepting students have been considered. It is necessary to pay attention to the role of higher education institutions in creating, constructing and guiding the social demand of individuals to continue their education.