مطالعۀ مدارای دینی اهل تشیع و اهل تسنن شهر زاهدان و عوامل موثر بر آن

مدارای دینی و علل افزایش یا فرسایش آن، در جهانی آکنده از تنوع قومی، مذهبی و... به لحاظ نظری و تجربی به‌وضوح مشهود است. هدف این مقاله بررسی مدارای دینی بین دو گروه شیعه و سنی شهر زاهدان و عوامل موثر بر آن است. روش تحقیق پیمایش، و ابزار گردآوری آن پرسشنامه است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق همۀ مردان و زنان 18 سال به بالای شهر زاهدان است که با فرمول کوکران، 384 نفر از آن ها برای مطالعه تعیین شدند. روش نمونه‌گیری، خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای است. نتایج نشان داد میانگین مدارای دینی 62.8 است که برمبنای مقیاس صفر تا صد بالاتر از حد متوسط است. میانگین مدارای دینی پاسخگویان در ابعاد همزیستانه، خویشتن‌دارانه و نسبی‌گرایانه به ترتیب معادل 64.8، 66.4 و 57.4 بوده است. همچنین یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که مدارای دینی با سرمایۀ اجتماعی و تعلق ملی رابطۀ مستقیم، و با قوم‌گرایی رابطۀ منفی دارد. نتایج تحلیل چندمتغیره نیز نشان داد متغیرهای سرمایۀ اجتماعی، تعلق ملی، قوم‌گرایی و سن 21 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته را تبیین کرده اند. همچنین برازش مدل مطلوب بود که گویای تطابق آن با واقعیت است.

The Religious Tolerance of Shi’ees and Sonnies of Zahedan City

Introduction: religious  conflicts in last years has shown that all though the tolerance notion for religions has 100 years old root but in arena of action religious fanaticism has the ability to be an underlie for violence. religious tolerance in society and the causes of its increase or erosion theoretically and experimentally, is clearly evident in its necessity, especially in today’s world, which is the ecumenical diversity of the cultural, ethnic, religious, and so on. therefore the purpose of this study is scrutiny of religious tolerance between Shias and Sunnis in Zahedan city and effective factors on it.Method: the method of this paper is survey method and in terms of nature is a practical study. The population of this article is composed of all men and women 18 years old above the city of Zahedan who according to Statistical Centre of Iran in 1395 this population estimated 380260. The sample size based on Cochran formula was determined 384. In the present article cluster sampling probability proportional to size (pps) has been used. In Inferential data section for finding Religious tolerance, F test, compare means test, independent T test and, Pearson correlation coefficient has been used.Findings: the result indicate that the average of religious tolerance is 62/8 which is based on 0100 scale is higher than a normal mean. the average of religious tolerance of respondents in the dimensions of symbiotic, selfreliant and relative, respectively, was 64.8, 66.4 and 57.4. the results also depict that religious tolerance has a negative relationship with social capital and national moratorium, direct relation with ethnicity. The results of multivariate analysis also showed that social capital variables, national belonging, ethnicity, and age have been able to explain 21 percent of the variability of religious tolerance. Also, fitting the model was desirable, indicating its conformity to reality.Discussion: the result shows that social capital and religious tolerance has a positive  significant relationship. based on Puntam’s theory this result was predictable because social capital is more informative for people rather than other ways like Peaceful coexistence, Violent conflicts and so on which form their future. The study’s finding show that there is a significant relation between national moratorium and religious tolerance, which approved this hypothesis that as much as national moratorium increase, religious tolerance increase too. Based on Muller’s theory; Patriotism and national moratorium represents a new version of Integrity in Contemporary societies which leads to peaceful acts in shape of compromise. The relation between ethnicity and religious tolerance was negative and significant. According to Hector’s theory Because most ethnicities feel that they are being discriminated against as much as ethnical bias increase, the integrity and affinity in the society and also tolerance decrease.Hector’s theory is correspond with result of this study because there is no significant relation between ethnicity and religious tolerance in Shias, but in Sunnis this relation is significant and negative. Therefore Shia is official religion in the country and Sunnis are minority and they are scattered among the Persians Hectort’s theory can be cited. Finally the results show the average of religious tolerance in shias and sunnis is 62/8 which is based on 0100scale is higher than a normal mean. the average of religiouse tolerance of respondents in the dimensions of symbiotic, selfreliant and relative, respectively, was 64.8, 66.4 and 57.4.