مطالعۀ کیفی پیامدهای توانمندسازی زنان شهر کرمان

توانمندسازی زنان فرآیندی است که از دهۀ 1970م. ابتدا در ادبیات دانشگاهی و سپس در جوامع و گروه‌‌های مختلف موردتوجه قرار گرفت. فعالیت‌‌ها و برنامه‌‌های متعددی در دنیا و کشور ایران در جهت توانمندسازی زنان، به‌ویژه زنان سرپرست خانوار، زنان حاشیه‌‌ای، زنان دارای شرایط خاص و... انجام شده است که هدفشان علاوه‌بر توانمندشدن زنان، بهبود وضعیت زندگی آنان و خانواده‌‌هایشان بوده است. محوریت این برنامه‌‌ها عمدتاً توانمندسازی اقتصادی و مالی زنان و ایجاد کسب و کار برای آنان بوده است. این برنامه‌‌ها همواره در مرکز توجه سازمان‌‌های دولتی و مردم نهاد بوده، اما پیامدهای این برنامه‌‌ها از دیدگاه زنان کمتر موردتوجه قرار گرفته است؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی و روش داده‌‌بنیاد انجام‌شده و هدف آن مطالعۀ کیفی پیامدهای توانمندسازی زنان شهر کرمان است. به‌منظور گردآوری داده‌‌ها از مصاحبۀ عمیق نیمه‌‌ساختاریافته استفاده شده و با 21 نفر از زنانی که در فرآیندهای توانمندسازی سازمان‌‌های دولتی و مردم‌‌نهاد شهر کرمان حضور داشته‌‌اند تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری مصاحبه انجام شده است. روش نمونه‌‌گیری علاوه‌بر نمونه‌‌گیری نظری، هدفمند و با حفظ حداکثر تنوع بوده است؛ سپس با استفاده از کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی یافته‌‌های پژوهش استخراج گردید. مقولۀ هسته عبارت است از: بازآفرینی. هم‌چنین 18 مقولۀ فرعی و 5 مقولۀ اصلی به‌دست آمد که مقوله‌‌های اصلی همان پیامدهای توانمندسازی زنان شهر کرمان است که عبارتنداز: ارتقای فردی، مدیریت زندگی، شکوفایی مالی، رویارویی با دشواری‌‌ها، پیوستگی و آفرینشگری.

a qualitative study of the consequences of women’s empowerment in kerman

abstractempowerment is a process whose goal is the full participation of women in decisions related to their own lives. in this process, women are empowered and their agency is recognized as activists and agents of change. it is a process in which women describe and recreate what they could and could not do before. this empowerment can include measures to improve the status of women through education, increasing awareness, literacy, and training. women can increase self-confidence to play a role and actively participate in decision-making on various issues of society. empowerment has a long history in the world, and in iran, there are activities to empower women. these programs are being implemented in kerman city as well, but the consequences of these programs have not been given much attention. therefore, the purpose of this grounded theory is to discover and understand the consequences of women’s empowerment in the city of kerman from the point of view of the participants in these programs, and the main issue of the current research is what are the consequences of the women’s empowerment in kerman and what are the consequences of participating in these programs for women. had? to collect data, semi-structured in-depth interviews were used and interviews were conducted with 21 women who participated in the empowerment processes of government organizations and people’s institutions in kerman until reaching theoretical saturation. in addition to theoretical sampling, the sampling method was purposeful and maintained maximum diversity. then, using open, central, and selective coding, the research findings were extracted. by extracting interviews and performing three stages of coding, 18 sub-categories and 5 main categories were obtained, and the main categories are the consequences of women’s empowerment in kerman city, which are: personal development, life management, financial prosperity, and facing difficulties. continuity and creativity. the core category is also: reproduction.keywords: grounded theory, empowerment, regeneration, women. 1. introductionthe human development report (1995) considers empowerment as one of the four main components of the human development model, the other three components of which are productivity, equality, and sustainability. empowerment means full participation of people in the decisions and processes that shape their lives. empowerment is empowering an individual, a group, or a society as a whole so that the members participate in that process, make decisions about it, have access to it, and have the freedom to choose the issues of which they are in the system. deprived beings, enjoy.from a historical perspective, the term empowerment was used in connection with the development of society and groups that were marginalized in its framework. the term was first used in 1983 by the international women’s studies association, “power and empowerment”. according to the existing literature in the field of women’s empowerment, “employment is the ticket of empowerment”. most of the researchers in the existing texts have mentioned education and employment as key indicators of empowerment. also, the origin of the concept of empowerment can be attributed to freire, who emphasized education as a tool for the liberation of marginalized people by challenging social inequalities in latin america in the 1970s and 1980s. also, women’s empowerment and gender equality is one of the important matters considered in the millennium development goals, in iran, the role of women and their empowerment has been paid attention to in development programs. in general, the approach of development programs in iran can be considered to improve the attitude towards women’s empowerment. the empowerment of female heads of households has received special attention from the fourth to the sixth program in the field of empowerment, especially its economic aspect.therefore, activities have been carried out to empower women, and the main focus of these activities has been to create employment for women, which includes jihad agriculture microcredits; he pointed out the empowerment and rehabilitation plans of women heads of the household, the welfare organization and imam khomeini’s relief committee, the governorate, the municipality, and people’s organizations focusing on women and the family. in the city of kerman, these programs are being implemented to empower women heads of households, women with special conditions, and marginalized women, but the consequences of these programs have received less attention. therefore, the purpose of this database study is to discover and understand the consequences of women’s empowerment in the city of kerman from the perspective of the participants in these programs.2. research methodologyin the current research, based on the interpretive approach, qualitative methodology was chosen and to answer the goals and questions of the research, the qualitative method of grounded theory was used, which goes beyond the description, creation, and discovery of a theory, that is, presenting an abstract analytical framework of a process or action or interaction. the participants of this study must all have experienced the considered process and the formulation of this theory can be useful in explaining their practice or provide a framework for future research.also, theoretical, targeted, and maximum strategy sampling methods have been used. therefore, the participants in the research were selected from among the women participating in the empowerment programs of government organizations and non-governmental organizations, and interviews were conducted and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 people until theoretical saturation was reached. in data-based theory, data analysis is done using coding, which are: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. 3. discussionbased on the findings of three stages of coding, 18 sub-categories and 5 main categories were extracted. the main categories are: 1. personal promotion: women feel a positive change in themselves. 2. life management: after the challenges that come one after another in life, people do not lose their motivation and try to change their mentality and take control of life. 3.