مطالعۀ تاثیر بی‌سازمانی اجتماعی و اثربخشی جمعی ادراکی بر رفتارهای انحرافی

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر بی‌سازمانی اجتماعی و اثربخشی جمعی ادراکی بر رفتارهای انحرافی در میان دانشجویان دانشگاه مازندران است. روش این پژوهش پیمایشی، شیوۀ نمونه‌گیری آن تصادفی طبقه‌ای متناسب با حجم می‌باشد. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در پژوهش حاضر، پرسش‌نامه است، که نهایتاً 411 پرسش‌نامه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد میزان رفتار انحرافی براساس گروه‌های سنی، مقطع تحصیلی، وضعیت تاهل، محل تولد و محل زندگی معنادار نیست. نتایج آزمون تحلیل مسیر نیز نشان می‌دهد که بین بی‌نظمی اجتماعی تصوری، بی‌نظمی فیزیکی تصوری و رفتار انحرافی رابطۀ مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد؛ هم‌چنین بین بی‌نظمی فیزیکی تصوری و ترس از جرم رابطۀ مثبت برقرار است؛ و بین ترس از جرم و اثربخشی جمعی رابطۀ معکوس و معناداری وجود دارد. بنابر یافته‌های به‌دست آمده، ادراک افراد از بی‌نظمی اجتماعی بر جرم اثرگذار است؛ به‌عبارتی، بی‌نظمی ترس از جرم را افزایش می‌دهد، که به نوبۀ خود کنترل اجتماعی / اثربخشی جمعی را کاهش می‌دهد و محله‌ها را در برابر تهاجم مجرمین و بزهکاران آسیب‌پذیر می‌کند. نتایج این پژوهش در حمایت از نظریۀ پنجره‌های شکسته، دلالت‌بر این دارد که بی‌نظمی تصوری، اثربخشی جمعی را کاهش می‌دهد که این به نوبۀ خود می‌تواند به‌طور غیرمستقیم موجب افزایش جرم شود.

studying the effect of perceptual social disorganization and collective efficacy on deviant behaviors

the present research aims to investigate the impact of perceptual social disorganization and the collective efficacy of deviant behaviors among university of mazandaran students. the method of this survey research was stratified random sampling in proportion to the volume. the tool for collecting information in the current research is a questionnaire, and 411 questionnaires have been analyzed. the results of the analysis of the findings show that there is no significant difference between boys and girls in terms of deviant behavior. the results of the path analysis test have also shown that there is a positive and significant relationship between imagined social disorder, imagined physical disorder and deviant behavior. also, there is a positive relationship between imagined physical disorder and fear of crime; and there is an inverse and significant relationship between fear of crime and collective efficacy. according to the findings, people’s perception of social disorder has an effect on crime. in other words, disorder increases fear of crime, which in turn reduces social control/collective efficacy and makes neighborhoods vulnerable to criminal invasion. keywords: deviance, social disorganization, collective efficacy, fear of crime.keywords: deviance, social disorganization, collective efficacy, fear of crime. 1. introductionthose actions that deviate from social norms, values and beliefs are called deviant behaviors, in a wide range of deviant actions there are behaviors from violent crimes to joining a nudist colony. not all crimes are deviant or unusual actions, and not all deviant actions are illegal (siegel, 2010: 5, 4). sociologists generally define “deviance” as a violation of the norms of a society or the rules of a group, which is called blame, condemnation or punishment for the “offender”. (good and ben yehuda, 2009: 110). due to the industrialization of society and the spread of cultural contradictions, we have faced a situation where the number of crimes has increased and the feeling of security among people has decreased. disorder indirectly increases crime, increases the level of fear, and leads to low social engagement and collective efficacy, conditions that reduce the ability to control more serious crimes (markowitz, 2001: 297).). the theory of collective efficacy is rooted in the approach of social disorganization and has something in common with it in terms of emphasizing structural deprivation and the prevalence of social networks at the community level. (browning, 2002:385). 2. materials and methodsthe research method of the present research is survey and cross-sectional, and a questionnaire was used to collect information. the unit of analysis of the current research is the individual (student) and as a result, its analysis is also at the micro level. in the current research, the research population is all the students of mazandaran university who studied in 1400-1401. according to the statistics obtained from the educational management of the university, the total number of students in mazandaran university is 13,428, 8,326 are women and 5,102 are men. in the current research, the statistical sample was 400 people randomly with an error of 5%. the sampling method in this research was stratified random sampling proportional to the volume. in this research, the gender of the students was considered as a class and an effort was made to distribute the sample size according to the size of each class (men and women). 3. datathe total number of the sample is 411, of which 59.4 percent are girls and 40.6 percent are boys. 21-year-olds make up the largest number of respondents (23.8 percent). 20 and 19-year-olds are in the next categories with 23.6% and 15.2%, respectively. 93% of the respondents are married people and the rest are single people. bachelor’s degree students have almost 90% of the respondents, master’s degree and doctorate are the next ranks with 8.8% and 1.2% respectively. 80% of the respondents live in the city and 17.5% in the village. also, the data shows that the ratio of girls and boys is almost equal in terms of living in the city and the village. the results show that female students reported less deviant behavior compared to male students. but this difference is very small and limited. so that if the female students have chosen the option more than ten times in the question of using hookah in the last 30 days, 2.5%, the male respondents have chosen this option 2.3%.the obtained results show that the imaginary social disorder variable has a direct and significant effect on students’ deviant behavior at the 99% confidence level of 0.308**. the imaginary physical disorder variable has a direct and significant effect on students’ fear of crime at the 95% confidence level of 0.149*. also, the examination of the beta coefficient in the previous regression tables shows that the inverse relationship between fear of crime and collective efficacy in the group of boys is significant with a beta coefficient of -0.158. and the imaginary physical disorder variable with a beta coefficient of 0.237 has a direct and significant effect on the deviant behavior of the boys group. while in the group of girls, perceived social disorder with a beta coefficient of 0.374 is effective on the deviant behavior of this group. finally, according to the general model, out of 8 research hypotheses, 3 hypotheses have been confirmed. another hypothesis of the research, which indicated the existence of an inverse relationship between the fear of crime and collective efficacy, has been confirmed among the group of boys. the main propositions of the research according to the theories used and also the results of the analysis are: there is a positive relationship between imagined social disorder, imagined physical disorder and deviant behavior. also, there is a positive relationship between imagined physical disorder and students’ fear of crime; and there is an inverse relationship between fear of crime and collective efficacy. 4. discussionthe effect coefficients show the relationship between imagined social disorder and deviant behavior. while the effect coefficient of the relationship between imagined physical disorder and deviant behavior shows that this relationship was positive and significant only among