بازتوانی معلولین، فرآیندها و چالش‌ها در استان همدان

معلول و معلولیت یک پدیدۀ مهم اجتماعی در جامعۀ امروز است. افراد معلول با مشکلات متعددی در روابط بین فردی، خانوادگی، کار، تحصیل و حوزه‌های عاطفی-رفتاری روبه‌رو هستند. حدود 76هزار معلول در استان همدان وجود دارند که حدود 30هزار نفر آن‌ها معلولان جسمی و حرکتی هستند. این مطالعه با روش کیفی به‌دنبال ارزیابی پس از اجرا و اثربخش بودن این برنامه‌هاست؛ زیرا در صورت اجرای درست طرح زمینۀ بهبود کیفیت زندگی معلول، افزایش کیفیت خدمات، کاهش بار مالی فرد معلول بر خانواده و حتی گاه امکان کارآفرینی و توانمندسازی معلولان با تاکید بر افراد دارای آسیب نخاعی را فراهم می‌شود. در این پژوهش مطالعه بر چهار گروه شامل: مدیران سازمان بهزیستی،مدیران مراکز مجری طرح،تسهیل‌گران و مشاوران و مددکاران، اساتید دانشگاه و به‌خصوص معلولان شرکت‌کننده در طرح و خانواده‌های آن‌ها  متمرکز بوده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان‌داد که نیازهای مخاطبان براساس پلکان نیازهای مازلو در قالب طرح تابع شرایط طبقاتی متفاوت است؛ طبقات فقیر و حاشیه‌، بیشتر بر نیازهای عینی مثل بسته‌های معیشتی اعلام نیاز کردند و اقلام و معلولان طبقات برخوردارتر بر ابعاد مددکاری، ویزیت در منزل تاکید داشتند. تغییرات زیاد دستورالعمل‌ها، پوشش کم و ثابت‌بودن هزینه‌های طرح در عین افزایش شدید هزینه‌ها و دیر ابلاغ شدن طرح و از دست دادن «زمان طلایی» ازجمله نقدهای وارد بر طرح است. پیشنهاد‌هایی چون: استمرار طرح، جامعیت موضوعی طرح، «تبعیض مثبت» و ایده‌هایی چون: شهر و جامعۀ حامی معلولان و آگاهی به حقوق معلولان و حق به آموزش ارائه شده است.

rehabilitation of the disabled challenges and processes (the case of hamedan province)

abstractdisability is an important social phenomenon in today’s society. disabled people face many problems in interpersonal relationships, family, work, education and emotional behavioral areas. there are about 76000 disabled people in hamedan province, of which about 30000 are physical disabled. this study seeks to evaluate and the effectiveness of these programs with a qualitative method, because if the plan is implemented correctly, it will improve the quality of life of the disabled, increase the quality of services, reduce the financial burden of the disabled person on the family, and even the possibility entrepreneurship and empowerment of the disabled with emphasis on people with disabilities. provides spinal cord injury. the study focuses on four groups, including managers of the welfare organization, managers of project implementation centers, facilitators and consultants and helpers, university professors, and especially disabled people participating in the project and their families. the findings of the research showed that the needs of the audience are different based on maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the form of a project based on class conditions: the poor and marginal classes declared their need for objective needs such as livelihood packages, and the disabled items of the more privileged classes emphasized the dimensions of assistance and home visits. the many changes in the instructions, the stability of the project costs at the same time as the sharp increase in costs, and the late notification of the project and the loss of golden time are among the criticisms of the project. suggestions such the continuation of the thematic comprehensive plan, the positive discrimination plan and ideas such as the city and society supporting the disabled and awareness of the rights of the disabled and the right to education have been presented. keywords: disabled people, empowerment, social support, welfare, hamedan province. 1. introductionalthough disability has a long history of human life, it has spread more in the new era, and despite human success in the modern world of industrial life, disadvantages such as work and industrial accidents, driving accidents, diseases, natural and human disasters, and other related wastes are inevitable.  it seems inevitable with this kind of life.  therefore, despite the medical advances and the improvement of health and hygiene indicators, as well as the tremendous achievements of genetic science, the number of people with spinal cord injury is increasing day by day for several reasons. the empowerment plan for people with disabilities has been prepared in order to accelerate and facilitate the acceptance of new conditions, adapt to them, reduce psychological pressure on the individual and his family, improve the quality of life and reduce the imposed costs related to disability.  the purpose of empowering disabled people is to improve physical and mental health and increase the quality of life of elderly people with spinal cord injuries.  this plan was handed over to iran’s spinal injury support center from october 2014 by the country’s welfare organization, and in 2015, for the first time, about 3 billion rails were allocated to this issue, during which services such as specialized mental health training and rehabilitation were provided.  physical and are provided to the requester.  also, since 2016, disability diagnosis cases have been reviewed in medical commissions, and these cases have been rated based on icf indicators and referred to supervised centers for filing and providing services. 2. analysis methodin this research, the contextual theory approach has been used, and this approach is suitable for issues that are process, fluid and exploratory in nature.  to represent that phenomenon.  information gathering and analysis are in a mutual relationship with each other, they never start the research with a theory and then prove it.  2007, 57) the purpose of contextual theory is to build and discuss a theory that is honest and enlightening in the field under study, and it is designed with the intention of (1) building a theory, not just testing a theory (2)  ) according to the research process, to provide the necessary precision and determination to build a scientific theory (3) to help the researcher to overcome the biases and prejudices that he has or that arise during the research.  4) provide a basic context, add to its richness and provide the necessary sensitivity and coherence to present a coherent theory that has a close connection with reality.  3. target society the statistical population of this research includes the first group of disabled people covered by the empowerment plan, the second group of officials and welfare managers and experts of the empowerment plan, who have the most involvement and influence on the behavior of education and their relationship with well-being, the third group of researchers and specialists in the sociology of psychology, physical education with the approach  pathology and the fourth group of disabled families are covered by the empowerment program. 4. data collection method in order to present the theory, the current research requires the collection of in-depth interview textual data;  because this method is flexible and informal and the interviewers have complete freedom to answer the questions, considering that the statistical population of this study is disabled and elderly people with spinal cord injury and therefore they are vulnerable groups and none of the three  the research center did not allow the researchers to have face-to-face interviews due to the special circumstances of the corona virus, and the interviews of these people were conducted over the phone.  other departments, especially managers and experts of rehabilitation service institutions and welfare experts and professors, were conducted in person. 5. data analysis methodthe data analysis of this research was done using the method of strauss and corbin and simultaneously with the data collection.  after conducting each interview, the researcher implemented the interview text verbatim and typed and before conducting the next interview, he coded their information by segmenting it, and in this way, data collection and analysis were carried out simultaneously.  time is done.  data coding has been done in three stages: selective coding and selective coding, axial coding, open coding. 6. conclusion the paradigm model extracted from the research findings represents the final result of the qualitative analysis using the data foundation method. in this model, the categories identified by axial coding and open coding are displayed in the form of a systematic pattern. the process of integrating and improving the theory in selective coding through techniques such as writing a story line that connects concepts and the process of categorization is done through personal notes about theoretical ideas, which other categories are centered on and form a whole, methodically selected and by connecting it with other categories, he/ she writes a theory that provides an abstract description for the process studied in the research.