The Ottoman Response to the Western Storm: Lessons for Neo-Ottomanism in Turkey

Neo-ottomanism in recent decades has been among the most controversial political debates in related academies and literature. frequent references to it by turkish officials in recent years, multiplied its importance in international relations. the term obviously owes its significance to the ottoman empire era, and accordingly, a sufficient analysis on the challenges of the empire during its last decades stands prior to any attempts to understand neo-ottomanism. the paper thus, aims at analysing the precautions and countermeasures taken by ottomans against the western political, economic and cultural impacts. according to the results of the analysis, these countermeasures compose major identity elements, i.e. being, muslim, turk and modern, embraced and developed by neo-ottomanists in turkey.