تکنیک‌های به‌خاطر‌سپاری قطعات موسیقی و بررسیِ تاثیر آن‌ها بر عملکرد نوازندگان پیانو، مطالعه موردی: هنرجویان شهر تهران

«به‌خاطرسپاری» قطعات موسیقی و تاثیرات آن بر عملکرد نوازندگان پیانو از اوایل قرن نوزدهم تاکنون از مسایل مطرح در حوزه‌های آموزش و نوازندگی پیانو بوده است. ازیک‌سو، اجرای قطعات با تکیه‌بر حافظه، نشانه‌ی تسلط نوازنده‌ی پیانو به‌شمار می‌رفت که به او فرصت تمرکز بر اجرا بخشیده و با آزادی‌عمل در بیان احساسی، امکان برقراری ارتباط موثرتری با مخاطبان مهیا می‌کرد. ازسوی‌دیگر، به حافظه سپردن قطعات، به‌ویژه در موسیقی آوانگارد، به‌نوعی اتلاف وقت و انرژی نوازنده‌ی پیانو محسوب می‌شد. پژوهش حاضر، به بررسی فرایند به‌حافظه‌سپاری، انواع تکنیک‌ها و نقش آن‌ها در بهبود عملکرد نوازندگان پیانو می‌پردازد. از دیگر اهداف تحقیق، مطالعه‌ی تکنیک‌های مورداستفاده‌ی هنرجویان ایرانی در به‌خاطرسپاری قطعات و تلقی آنان از یادگیری، به‌صورت فرایندی یکپارچه و یا دو فرایند جداگانه است. این پژوهش با روش‌های کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی با جامعه‌ی‌ آماری متشکل از 30 هنرجوی نوازندگی پیانو انجام شده و برای سنجش همبستگی پرسش‌نامه از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بهره برده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داده که بین «به‌خاطرسپاری» قطعه‌ی موسیقی، بهبود عملکرد نوازنده پیانو و صدادهی مطلوب رابطه‌ی مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. براساس تحلیل داده‌ها هنرجویان ایرانی «یادگیری» و «به‌خاطرسپاری» را دو فرآیند مستقل تلقی کرده و بیشتر از تکنیک‌های حافظه‌ی عضلانی بهره برده‌اند.

memorizing techniques of musical pieces and study of their effectiveness on piano performers case study: piano students in tehran

since the early nineteenth century, memorizing a music piece and its effects on piano players has been one of the most crucial issues in teaching and playing piano. on one hand, performance from memory indicates a player's mastery and provides the opportunity to focus on emotional expression, leading to more effective communication with the audience. on the other hand, it is regarded by some as a waste of time and energy, especially when it comes to avant-guard music. the present study consists of two main parts. first, psychological definitions of different types of memory, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and analytical, have been used to categorize memorization techniques. subsequently, the study continues examining the process of memorization and the skills of using memory in performing music. “the latter part of this section center on reviving musical memory through signs and strengthening the process of memorizing music pieces in addition to concentration practice and mental practice (sans instrument). in the second part of the research, a questionnaire in the field’s method has been designed to examine the propositions on the subject of memorizing parts, catering specifically to iranian students in tehran to find answers to the following questions. 1 - does memorizing piano pieces affect the desired sound and improve the performance of piano players? 2 - does memorization provide the most freedom to express the beauty of the music? 3 - which memorization techniques execute the members of the statistical community use the most? 4 - do students consider learning and memorization as an integrated holistic process or as two separate processes? this is descriptive-analytical research that utilizes a statistical society consisting of 30 piano students at the intermediate level. to measure the correlation of the questionnaire, pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the research questions. the results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relation between memorizing a piece of music with the freedom of the performer. sound quality and improving performance. according to data analysis, iranian students considered learning and memorization as two separate processes. also, according to statistics, muscle memory techniques were the most used among iranian piano students; statistical analysis suggests that the association of music with the help of words or images in the mind have the least use among iranian students. the most common technique employed by participants to stabilize memory is to imagine the movement of fingers in performing the piece, in addition to listening to the audio file of the piece. this research emphasizes the effectiveness of memorizing techniques in improving and accelerating the process of memorization and obtaining the desired result using the combination of memorization techniques for improving the performance of the pianist and achieving safe memory is useful. the descriptive table shows that the best results point towards the use of muscle memory, followed by aural, and analytic memorization. the use of visual memory was the least used among piano students.