بررسی تاثیر کووید 19 بر اقتصاد روستاهای مقصد گردشگری (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان کلات نادری)

بررسی اقتصاد روستاهای مقصد گردشگری در شرایط کووید 19 به دلیل وابستگی بخشی از درآمد ساکنین به گردشگری حائز اهمیت است. از این رو مطالعه حاضر به بررسی تاثیر کووید 19 بر اقتصاد روستاهای مقصد گردشگری شهرستان کلات نادری پرداخته است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی و از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی-توسعه ای است. گردآوری اطلاعات شامل روش های اسنادی و میدانی است. در این مطالعه 8 روستای مقصد گردشگری در شهرستان کلات نادری شناسایی و به کمک مطالعات میدانی و اسنادی مورد مطالعه قرارگرفت. تاثیر کووید 19 بر اقتصاد روستاهای مقصد گردشگری براساس طیف لیکرت و ذیل سه مولفه اشتغال، سرمایه گذاری و درآمد به کمک 19 شاخص کمی شد. نتایج نشان داد کووید 19 درآمد صاحبان کسب وکارهای گردشگری را با میانگین 3.8 بیش از مولفه اشتغال با 3.5 و سرمایه گذاری با 3.5 تحت تاثیر قرار داده است. روستای آبگرم با میانگین 4.5 بیشترین اثرات را از کووید 19 متحمل شده است. همچنین در روستاهای مقصد گردشگری به طور متوسط هر روستا با کاهش سالیانه 19941 نفر گردشگر نسبت به قبل از شیوع کووید 19 مواجه بوده که این امر باعث کاهش تعداد 31 کسب وکار مستقیم و 44 کسب وکار غیرمستقیم فعال در گردشگری، 47 شاغل مستقیم و 77 شاغل غیرمستقیم و 1.5 اقامتگاه بوم گردی نسبت به قبل از شیوع کووید 19 در روستاهای مقصد گردشگری گردیده است.

investigating the impact of covid-19 on the economy of tourism destination villages(case study: kalat-naderi county)

in rural areas, covid-19 has, directly and indirectly, affected all aspects of rural society in the medium and short term. thus, the economy of the tourist destination villages of kalat county, which has a lot of dependence on tourism, has faced a severe recession due to the impact of covid-19 and has been severely damaged. in general, based on the initial exploratory studies of the economy, these tourist destinations have faced the following problems:a) decrease in tourism demand: due to the impact of covid-19, the number of tourists entering the rural tourism destinations of kalat county has decreased significantly. the average annual number of tourists in ortakand village has decreased from 200 thousand people to 10 thousand people, in baba ramzan village from 20 thousand people to 4 thousand people, and in abgarm village, from 40 thousand people to less than 20 thousand people after the outbreak of covid-19 which has created many problems for the economy of these villages. b) decrease in the income of the tourism sector: due to the decrease in tourism demand, we are witnessing a decrease in money coming to tourism destinations and a decrease in the direct and indirect income of activists of the tourism market in the villages of tourism destinations, so that in the village of ortakand, the income of those working in the tourism sector has decreased by about 90%. before covid-19, the people of this village earned money by selling livestock, and agricultural and horticultural products, as well as through supermarkets and renting resorts to tourists. also, before the outbreak of covid-19 in baba ramzan village, 90% of dairy products, 80% of handicraft products of the villagers, as well as other products of the village such as gardens, agriculture, livestock, fisheries, medicinal plants and rice were bought by tourists, but after the outbreak of covid 19, the income that the people of this village earned from the sale of these products has decreased by 85-90 percent. c) increase in unemployment: the decrease in tourism demand has caused a decrease in job opportunities in tourism destinations and the unemployment of many tourism activists in rural areas. after covid-19, those villagers who have been active in the tourism sector, such as eco-tourism resorts, guest houses, renting beds and gazebos, selling agricultural, garden, livestock, dairy products etc., due to the lack of tourists, have faced unemployment. so 80% of people in ortakand village, 30% in baba ramzan village and 20% in abgarm village have become unemployed due to the spread of covid-19.d) inefficiency of investments: after covid-19, due to the decrease and absence of tourists, the investments that some people in these villages had made in the tourism sector, such as eco-tourism resorts, beds and gazebos, supermarkets, etc., which has often been by obtaining facilities, but has remained without returns, which, in addition to the problem of unemployment, has made it difficult for these people to repay these facilities.according to these, the research question is raised as follows: to what extent has the spread of covid 19 affected the economy of the tourism target villages of kalat county?