اثرات مهاجرت بر تحولات اقتصادی مناطق روستایی پیراشهری تهران

روستاهای کلان‌شهرهایی از جمله تهران، با توجه به موقعیت نسبی، مهاجرپذیر بوده؛ و پیوسته مهاجرت بر تحولات اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کالبدی و زیست محیطی روستا های پیراشهری این کلانشهر تاثیرگذار است. در این راستا، یکی از مهمترین تحولات در روستا های پیراشهری تهران با تمرکز بر مهاجرت، تحولات اقتصادی می باشد. در این بین، هدف پژوهش حاضر، سنجش تحولات اقتصادی و پیامدهای حاصل از مهاجرت در روستاهای پیراشهری کلانشهر تهران است. روش تحقیق در پژوهش حاضر ترکیبی، حاصل از روش های کمی و کیفی است و  برای گردآوری داده‌ها از روش‌های پرسشنامه ای و مصاحبه کمک گرفته شده و در بخش کمی با توجه به حجم جامعه آماری 9591 خانوار، حجم نمونه خانوارهای مورد پرسشگری بر پایه فرمول کوکران برابر 380 خانوار تعیین شد و در بخش کیفی نیز، حجم نمونه نخبگان مورد مصاحبه با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند 36 نفر تعیین شد. یافته های تحقیق در بخش کمی پژوهش نشان داد که شاخص تولید با میانگین 2.2 و شاخص اشتغال با میانگین 4.13 به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تاثیر را از اشتغال پذیرفته است. همچنین نتایج در بخش کیفی پژوهش نیز نشان داد، مهاجر‌پذیری موجب رویه شدن سفرهای روزانه برای اشتغال، متنوع شدن الگوی درآمدی روستا، سرمایه‌ای شدن زمین و مسکن روستا، تحول در بنیادهای تولیدی روستا و رخنه بی‌انگیز‌گی در اشتغال به فعالیت‌های کشاورزی شده است.

migration on economic developments in the rural areas of tehran peripheral

introductionin recent years, we have seen an increase in population and the growth of migrations towards villages around tehran. the reverse migration towards the suburban villages of tehran can create a balancing mechanism for the migration of the accumulated labor force. this will require the improvement of the agricultural land and the creation of a social and economic environment for rural dwellers, so it can be reasonable for rural youth to stay in their homeland and make a living. therefore, the current research first investigates the indicators of economic stability related to migration, which are income, capital, production, reducing the motivation to work in the agricultural sector, employment, diversification of the rural economy, and then evaluates the effects of migration on these indicators in the studied villages. understanding the consequences of migration with the aim of limiting its negative effects can help villages with similar conditions. because of the importance of the issue, especially in metropolitan areas and the necessity of studying it, the current research is based on this central question: what results and consequences have the arrival of newcomers had in the economic dimension of the villages? methodologythe research method in this study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. 360 households out of 9591 households were determined as the sample size based on the cochran formula. in the qualitative part of the research, using a targeted sampling method, the sample size was 36 people who were interviewed.discussion and conclusionthe findings of the research showed that the production indicator with an average of 2.2 and the employment indicator with an average of 4.13 received the highest and lowest impact from employment, respectively. also, the results of the qualitative findings showed that the low impact of migration on creating employment is compensated by daily trips for work and activities outside the village. the amount of income from the point of view of local residents has been assessed as high and moderate, which is the reason that the local elites mentioned that new sources of income had been created for local residents. it should also be noted that the impact of immigration on capital was evaluated as moderate and low because the arrival of newcomers has led to the capitalization of land and housing, a process that has a negative effect on production due to land use change. for this reason, the production indicator has been affected by migration more than other indicators. the reduction in the amount of production and the variety of products in the villages is actually a decrease in agricultural activities and rurality in the villages around tehran.