نقش مدیریت روستایی در توسعه اقتصادی اجتماعی روستاهای ناحیه مرکزی استان گیلان

شناسایی نقاط ضعف، قوت، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدهای نظام فعلی مدیریت روستایی، و اصلاح نظام مدیریت روستایی، شرایط را جهت توسعه روستاها، از نظر ابعاد اجتماعی - فرهنگی و اقتصادی فراهم می کند. هدف پژوهش بررسی نظام مدیریت روستایی و توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی روستایی در ناحیه مرکزی گیلان است. در راستای دستیابی به هدف پژوهش، اطلاع از وضعیت و سطح توسعه یافتگی شهرستان های مورد مطالعه در ابعاد پنجگانه با بهره گیری از روش تحقیق توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از ابزار مشاهده مستقیم در بازدید از اقدامات دهیاری ها در ابعاد مختلف توسعه استفاده شد و سپس از طریق ابزار مصاحبه با متخصصان، مدیران و دست اندرکاران مدیریت روستایی و توزیع پرسشنامه، جمع آوری نظرات آنان انجام گرفته است در این پژوهش نتایج حاصل از عوامل موثر بر توسعه روستایی از دیدگاه مدیران و کارشناسان در امور روستا توسط پرسشنامه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. داده ها و اطلاعات توسط نرم‌افزار spss در دو سطح توصیفی و استنباطی ارائه شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در بعد اقتصادی، گویه‌های »برآورد و تنظیم بودجه سالانه دهیاری «، »صدور پروانه کسب «، »تاثیر بهبود مدیریت نوین بر توسعه اقتصادی روستا «، »انواع بیمه های روستایی « و »تهیه طرح ها و پیشنهادات اصلاحی « در بخش اقتصادی با کسب بیشترین امتیازات، نسبت به سایر گویه‌ها از اهمیت بالایی برخوردارند و تاثیرگذاری بیشتری دارند. همچنین در بعد اجتماعی فرهنگی نیز گویه‌های »همکاری با سازمان ثبت احوال «، »شناخت کمبودهای اجتماعی و ارائه طرح «، »معرفی خانواده های بی سرپرست به بهزیستی «، »فراهم کردن امکانات فرهنگی، آموزشی و تهیه طرح « با کسب بیشترین امتیازات، نسبت به سایر گویه‌ها تاثیرگذاری بیشتری دارند.

The role of rural management in socio-economic development of villages in the central region of Guilan Province

IntroductionThe rural management system in Iran has undergone complex transformations in terms of socioeconomic structures over the years, and efficient management void in rural areas in the long run, especially in recent decades, has posed many obstacles for villagers.In this regard, it is necessary to explain the importance of local management in all dimensions and explain the role of local managers in performing tasks in rural areas in order to increase productivity, efficiency. After the formation of Islamic councils, and subsequently the establishment of rural municipality paved the way for giving the people the authority to manage. This leads to social capital in these areas, which can follow ensue further development.In the present study, we first identify the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of the current rural management system, and then by reforming the rural management system, it provided conditions for the sociocultural and economic development of villages in the central region of Guilan Province. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the rural management system and rural economic and sociocultural development in the central region of Guilan Province.MethodologyAccording to the purpose, nature and method, this study is considered as an applied and descriptiveanalytical research, respectively. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, the technique of direct observation was utilized in five dimensions to obtain data on the status and level of development of the studied counties. The statistical population of the study is the central area of Guilan province, villages depending on their height above the sea level are in two classes: coastalplain and foothillmountain. In order to select the samples in the villages of each county in the central region two criteria of population and geographical situation were considered. 120 villages were randomly selected from the villages from six counties of the region. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods as well as SPSS software were used to explain the central tendency and variability. Tables based on the T test and Arc GIS was used to produce the maps.Discussion and conclusionIn this study, rural development in the central region of Guilan has been studied as a dependent variable in both economic and sociocultural dimensions. In order to study rural management in two sociocultural and economic dimensions, 33 items are considered sociocultural and 31 items are considered economic .The item of raising the level of scientific knowledge of the villagers has obtained the lowest average score (3.17) in a total of 33 items studied in the sociocultural dimension. In general, the average score of all social items is 3.71, which is higher than the mean, or 3, so it can be concluded that the improvement of rural management system is effective for sociocultural development of villages. Also, the improvement of rural management system provides the sociocultural development of the villages. It was also found that the items of cooperation with the Civil Registration Organization, recognizing social and cultural deficiencies and suggesting plans, introducing orphaned kids to support institutions, providing cultural and educational facilities and preparing support plans were among the most important items. In general, the average score of all economic items is 3.55, which is higher than the mean, or 3, so it can be concluded that improving the rural management system is effective on rural economic development. The items ldquo;estimation and regulation of annual rural budget , ldquo;business licensing , impact of improving new management on rural economic development , types of rural insurance and preparation of reform plans and proposals in the economic sector with the highest scores, thereby are more important and effective than other items.According to the findings of the present study, rural management in the central region of Guilan has economic and sociocultural disadvantages. Therefore, suggestions in each of the dimensions of economic and sociocultural development are presented as follows:Predicting credits and facilities to support rural entrepreneurship according to the capacities of each village. Preparing priority employmentgenerating plans in order to enjoy government support from the executive management of the villages based on the capabilities of each of the villages in the district.Holding educational programs for Islamic village councils and rural governors relating to their various duties, rights and laws and regulations. Holding rural employment and entrepreneurship training courses for villagers in the central area of Guilan.