تحلیل وضعیت سرمایه‌های معیشت پایدار روستایی در شهرستان سراوان

یکی از مهم ترین مباحث توسعه روستایی، کاهش فقر و مدیریت محیط زیست است. در طی سال های اخیر، رویکرد معیشت پایدار یکی از بهترین روش ها برای پرداختن به توانمندسازی فقرا بوده است. این رویکرد به عنوان مرکز توجه اخیر محققان توسعه به دنبال حفظ یا افزایش بهره وری منابع، حفظ مالکیت و فعالیت های درآمدزا برای تامین نیازهای اساسی خانوارهای روستایی است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی شاخص معیشت پایدار روستایی با تاکید بر سرمایه‌های معیشتی فیزیکی، مالی، اجتماعی، انسانی و محیطی در شهرستان سراوان صورت گرفت. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و به روش پیمایشی انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه‌ای محقق ساخته بود که به شکل چهره به چهره تکمیل گردید. روایی پرسشنامه با بهره‌گیری از پانل متخصصان توسعه روستایی مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نمونه آماری متشکل از هفت نفر از کارشناسان فرمانداری شهرستان سراوان بودند که با بهره گیری از تکنیک تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی به مقایسه زوجی وضعیت و درجه اهمیت سرمایه‌های معیشتی (معیارها) در بین دهستان‌های شهرستان سراوان (گزیدارهای مورد بررسی) مبادرت نمودند. یافته‌ها نشان داد، در بین سرمایه‌های پنجگانه معیشت از دید پاسخگویان به ترتیب سرمایه‌های فیزیکی، سرمایه مالی، سرمایه اجتماعی، سرمایه انسانی و سرمایه محیطی از اولویت بالاتری برای تامین معیشت روستاییان مورد مطالعه برخوردار بودند. در نهایت، وضعیت دهستان‌های مورد مطالعه بر مبنای معیارهای مورد سنجش تعیین شد. بر این مبنا، دهستان حومه حائز رتبه‌ی اول، دهستان جالق حائز رتبه دوم و دهستان‌های ناهوک، کوهک و اسفندک، گشت، کله‌گان و بم‌پشت و کشتگان در رتبه‌های بعد قرار گرفتند.

Designing a model for sustainable entrepreneurship development for rural businesses Hamedan Province

IntroductionIn recent years, a group of researchers have believed that entrepreneurial activities lead to environmental degradation. However, some researchers have argued that despite the negative effects of some entrepreneurial activities on society and the environment, entrepreneurs still play an important role in guiding business activities towards sustainability, especially social and environmental sustainability. In particular, relying on the capacities and capabilities of rural communities, recognizing new opportunities and growth of innovations adapted to local community condition can reduce these negative effects and also create opportunities for sustainable employment, income generation and sustainable development in rural areas. Researchers refer to sustainable entrepreneurship as a catalyst and a major impetus for sustainable development. In recent decades, sustainable entrepreneurship has been a growing research stream and it is time to pay more attention to sustainable entrepreneurship in the literature. Among the areas that need more detailed and indepth study in sustainable entrepreneurship is among the research fields that needs more rogue and indepth investigations. This is about a set necessary factors in order to integrate sustainability in entrepreneurial businesses. Furthermore, it is relevantly more important in rural areas due to the direct relationship of most of rural businesses with natural resources. Accordingly, the present study discusses the requirements and conditions for sustainable development in entrepreneurial activities in rural areas and seeks to provide a suitable integrated model for entrepreneurship development in rural areas based on sustainable rural development and sustainable entrepreneurship. MethodologyThe present study aims to design a comprehensive model of sustainable entrepreneurship development in rural businesses and identify the strategies essential for achieving entrepreneurial sustainability using a qualitative research approach and grounded theory. The statistical population of this study consisted of outstanding entrepreneurs with characteristics such as knowledge and experience in the field, willingness and sufficient time to participate in the research and effective communication skills in Hamedan Province. In this study, 10 people were selected and indepth interview was used as the main data collection technique. Data was analyzed in a sequence of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. In order to increase the validity of this research, we selected research participants from outstanding entrepreneurs who both work in the field of rural and agricultural businesses, and also have sufficient scientific knowledge on sustainable development issues and the process of entrepreneurship development and rural business creation. Indepth interviews were used to collect and record the required information. In order to verify and avoid research bias, the model and the result obtained by the research team were continuously compared with the aim and checked if there is any part in the report and model that indicates a potential bias by the researchers? Based on these checkups, some reflections were considered in the process. Discussion and conclusionAccording to the results of the present study, the model of sustainable entrepreneurship development in rural businesses in a narrative manner and based on a ground theory is as follows: Regarding to our understanding of sustainability and its aspects as well as the requirements for entrepreneurial businesses to adhere to responsible environmental, sociocultural and ethical actions in order to achieve sustainability and fulfill their obligations to society and the environment. The findings show the development of rural business activities towards principles and values of sustainability requires strengthening individual factors of business owners and employees, organizational and environmental factors of enterprises. In other words, provided that such conditions and factors are given, the growth and development of behavioral patterns based on sustainability in various economic, social and environmental dimensions in rural businesses will be possible. Internalization of such behavioral patterns also requires appropriate measures and strategies implementation such as empowering relevant institutions, enhancing media performance, continuing policies to promote sustainable entrepreneurship, strengthening cultural contexts, applying supportive policies, facilitating the access to credit and capitals, and developing educational programs, and human resource management strategies to establish responsible values in the organizational culture. Institutionalizing sustainability patterns in rural entrepreneurial businesses will lead to more sustainable rural economic growth, job creation, environmental adaptation, ensuring future access to key natural resources, satisfying social groups, achieving competitive advantage, cost savings, and improving product quality.