شناسایی عوامل زمینه‌ای اثرگذار بر توسعه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی در شهرستان آبادان

پژوهش حاضر به شناسایی عوامل زمینه‌ای اثرگذار بر توسعه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی از دیدگاه اعضا صندوق‌‌های اعتباری خرد زنان روستایی در شهرستان آبادان پرداخته است. این مطالعه کاربردی بوده و به روش پیمایش توصیفی بر روی نمونه 100 نفری از اعضای صندوق‌‌های اعتباری خرد زنان روستایی آبادان انجام‌شده است. به‌منظور گردآوری داده‌‌ها، پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته تهیه و طی سه مرحله با اعمال نظرات متخصصان موضوعی، روایی آن تایید گردید. به‌منظور تعیین پایایی ابزار تحقیق نیز ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد که مقدار آن 0.83 به دست آمد. بر اساس یافته‌‌های پژوهش، 37 متغیر به‌عنوان عوامل زمینه‌ای اثرگذار بر اقدامات کارآفرینانه اعضاء صندوق‌‌های اعتباری خرد زنان روستایی شناسایی شد، که با بررسی وضعیت این متغیر‌ها در شرایط حال حاضر زنان روستایی، این نتیجه حاصل شد که هیچ‌یک از متغیر‌های شناسایی‌شده در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار ندارند. به‌طوری‌که بالاترین امتیاز، 2.80، مربوط به اقدامات انجام‌شده در حوزه بسترسازی در جامعه و آماده‌سازی خانواده‌‌ها و جامعه جهت تشویق زنان به تولید و اشتغال بود. افزون بر این، نمونه موردمطالعه در اولویت‌بندی وضعیت مطلوب متغیر‌های زمینه‌ای اثرگذار، ایجاد و توسعه مراکز رشد کارآفرینی در مناطق روستایی، ارائه کمک‌‌های مالی در قالب سوبسید و دسترسی آسان کارآفرینان به اطلاعات موردنیاز، دانش و فناوری‌‌ها را سه اولویت نخست خود برشمردند. همچنین بر اساس نتایج آزمون تحلیل عاملی نیز متغیر‌های زمینه‌ای اثرگذار بر توسعه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی در پنج دسته عوامل زیرساختی‌ نهادی، آموزشی، فنی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی دسته‌بندی شدند که درمجموع، این عوامل حدود 67 درصد از واریانس کل متغیر‌ها را تبیین می‌نمودند.

Analysis of agricultural facilities and services levels in rural settlements of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces

IntroductionFailure to recognize the state and bottlenecks of agriculture is a serious obstacle to the balanced distribution of resources and the comprehensive planning to address less developed areas. Understanding these issues and developing appropriate programs to eliminate or reduce them include: improving agriculture, optimizing the potential of the agricultural sector, increasing production, increasing farmerschr('39') incomes, consolidating rural populations, and promoting the agricultural development of the region. This requires determining the developmental levels of the studied area in terms of agricultural development indicators in order to analyze the agricultural situation in the region. Therefore, in order to be more precise in planning and achieve sustainable agriculture development, it is necessary to identify agricultural areas regarding development and inadequacy. Hence, measuring the level of agricultural development in different areas, with regard to natural capacities and institutional constraints and management conditions, is of particular importance in recognizing the regional differences in development, special talents, deprivations and inequalities. In this way, agricultural development planning is orientated appropriately in terms of area urgency, volume of investments, types of programs and actions, thus, balanced management and planning of agricultural development requires recognition. Materials and methodsThe type of research is applied and developmental and its method is descriptiveanalytical. The statistical population is 8 counties in Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad Provinces based on the census of 2016. The required information is collected from the Statistical Yearbook (2016), the organization of AgricultureJahad, the Agricultural Census and the Organization of Statistics. The studied indicator is agricultural in this research which consists of 34 variables. Also, the selection of variables in a way that emphasizes all aspects of the agricultural index (manpower, infrastructure, mechanization, health, etc.) are emphasized. The weight of each of the variables is determined by the AHP method (Pairwise copmarison). In this research, SPSS, Excel and quantitative programming models (VIKOR, TOPSIS and SAW) were used to analyze the data of agricultural development in the provinces of the region. Given the fact that the results of these three models were not consistent in some cases, a general consensus was used for the Copeland method. Finally, in order to proper understanding of the development situation in the county, development maps are drawn using the GIS software. Results and discussionThe results of this study indicate that in the TOPSIS model there is no county in the province with a very high development status. Bahmei and Boyerahmad counties are in relatively agricultural developed condition, Kohgiluyeh, Cheram and Dena in the situation and finally 37/5 percent of the counties, namely, Basht, Gachsaran and Landie counties are relatively deprived and undeveloped in terms of the agricultural index. The analysis of the results of the Vikor model showed that Boyerahmad with a value of 0/091 is in the first rank of agricultural development and in a fully developed state, Kohgiluyeh and Bahmei counties ranked second and third with respectively 0/245 and 0.296 scores and their situation is relatively developed. The most of the counties Charm, Dena and Lange, are numerically equal to 0/409, 0/487 and 0/584 respectively, ranked fourth to sixth, Gachsaran county with the score of 0/712 is ranked seventh and the development status is relatively deprived, and eventually the county of Basht with a numerical value of 1 is ranked 8th and a very unfavorable condition (completely deprived). Also, the results of the SAW model indicate that Boyerahmad County (rank 1) is in a very high development status.The present study was carried out using agricultural index in the form of 34 variables that were not included in any of the researches done in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province, while presenting realistic findings on the state of development of the agriculture, rational realism for planners urban and regional, both at provincial level and at country level. A review of the research background and research findings suggest that the results of the study are credible and confirm the results of previous surveys. The findings of the research indicate the agricultural development gap among counties of the province. The results of this study homogeneous with other researches of Fotros Baheshti Far (2009), Kohnalsal and Rafiee (2010), Jamshidi (2011), Tavakoli (2012 and 2014), BabaeiAgdam et al (2016).The study of the development condition of agricultural areas of the county using the integrated model showed that in the counties of the province, there is no one with a very high agricultural development status. The county of Boyer Ahmad has a score of 0/797 in the first rank (relatively developed) and the county of Basht with a difference of 0/653 and a combined index of 0/44 in the eighth place (the state is totally deprived of development). Also, 37.5% of the counties (Boyerahmad, Bahmei and Kohgiluyeh) were relatively developed, 25% of the counties (Dena and Chram Counties) were in moderate development, 25 percent (Gachsaran and Lande Counties) were relatively deprived, and, finally, 12.5% ​​of the them (Basht) are totally deprived.