نقش رشد طبقه متوسط جامعه در تغییر گفتمان غالب جامعه ایران از 1332 تا 1357( با تاکید بر نظریه تحلیل گفتمان لاکلاو و موف)

اﻣﺮوزه در ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎی ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ و ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﮕﺎرهﻫﺎی ذﻫﻨﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧﯽ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻫﺪﻓﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ داده ﯾﺎ از ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی اﻫﺪاﻓﯽ ﺧﺎص ﻣﻨﺼﺮف و ﻣﻨﺤﺮف ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ آن در ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن اﺳﺖ؛ از اﯾﻦ رو در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ رﺷﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﯾﺮان - ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺑﻌﺎد ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ- در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی 1332 ﺗﺎ 1357 ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف در ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش در دﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﻗﺮار دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن داده ﻫﺎی ﺟﻤﻊ آوریﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ روش اﺳﻨﺎدی (ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای) و اﺑﺰار ﻓﯿﺶﺑﺮداری ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ، ارﺗﻘﺎی ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ، ﺳﻮاد، رﻓﺎه، ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و ... در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎﻋﺚ رﺷﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪی، ﻋﻘﻞﮔﺮاﯾﯽ، ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﮕﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻧﻮﮔﺮاﯾﯽ، دﻣﮑﺮاﺳﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﯽ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺗﺰﻟﺰل ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺳﻘﻮط ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﭼﺮاغ راﻫﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻋﺒﺮت ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺎن در راﺳﺘﺎی اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﻧﮕﺎرهﻫﺎی ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻮده و زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺪﯾﻊ ﺑﺮای ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎی ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺮﻫﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

The Role of Middle Class Growth in Changing the Dominant Discourse of Iranian Society from 1953 to 1979(in accordance with Laclau and Moff’s theory of discourse analysis)

Social developments have been studied by social scientists throughout history, and various classes of society, including the new middle class, have been one of their concerns. If we look at this middle class, which has been the source of social changes throughout history, according to the criteria of Laclau and Moff’s theory of discourse analysis, we will find out that any changes in a society as a whole, including this class, must be viewed and analyzed only from a discourse perspective. From the point of view of Laclau and Moff’s theory, every action has a meaning and can be explained if it is seen and explained in the form of the discourse during which it has taken place. If we look at social developments, including the orientations of the middle class, from the perspective of Laclau and Moff’s discourse, we must also look at what is happening and how it is changing the dominant discourse. In other words, how do social developments cause discourse change?In the present article, the developments of today’s Iranian middle class during the years 1953-79 from the point of view of Laclau and Moff’s discourse analysis theory and based on three components of discourse, discourse objectivity and discourse access and the reason for the similarity of today’s middle class discourse of Iranian society and revolutionary elites have been reviewed and analyzed.