رهیافت مصلحت‌گرایی در تصمیم‌گیری سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران؛ بررسی فرایند پذیرش قطعنامه 598

ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮان ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻪﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی اﻫﺪاف و ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺧﻮد در ورای ﻣﺮزﻫﺎی ﻣﻠﯽ، ﮔﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ و ﮐﻨﺶ از ﺟﺎﻧﺐ آﻧﺎن را وارد ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎی اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎی دﺷﻮار ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ارﮐﺎن ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺬف ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در ﺣﯿﻄﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ، از ﺑﺴﺘﺮ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺳﺮﺑﺮﻣﯽآورد و ﺗﺰاﺣﻤﺎت ﻣﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ارﺟﺎع دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ رﻓﻊ ﺗﺰاﺣﻢ و ﺣﻞ ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺟﻤﻬﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ؛ از اﯾﻦ رو، ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل واﮐﺎوی اﺑﻌﺎد اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه ﮐﻪ »ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ اﺟﺮای آن در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ج.ا.ا ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟«. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪی از روش ﻋﻠّﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻒ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ و ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕﺮ در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺒﺎدرت ﻧﻤﻮده و درﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم »ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻈﺎم« و ﺗﻤﺴﮏ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﺗﺸﯿﻊ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﻄﻮر ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ در ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ، ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺿﻮاﺑﻄﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد ﮐﻪ از ﮔﺬرﮔﺎهﺷﺎن، ﺿﺮر ﯾﺎ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت و رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ رﺳﯿﺪه و ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮی ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ

the approach of expediency in foreign policy decision-making of the islamic republic of iran; examining the adoption process of united nations security council resolution 598

according to the teachings of political science and international relations, governments are the only actors who simultaneously dominate the four elements of population, territory, government and sovereignty. in order to pursue their goals outside the national borders, these actors apply management which is called foreign policy, and one of the important components of this field is the decisions that are made with the aim of improving the position, strengthening the power and gaining benefits. decision-making in foreign policy is influenced by human, material, normative factors and numerous patterns, and the islamic republic of iran as a government actor is not exempt from this rule. but in addition to general patterns; special territorial, cultural, historical, demographic characteristics, etc.; it can distinguish the foreign policy and decision-making methods of the actors from each other and establish a special approach for each of them. the current research, using the islamic theory of foreign policy, seeks to explain the causal relationships between the variables that have led to the formation of the &expediency-oriented& approach in the decision-making of the foreign policy of the islamic republic of iran. therefore; the article seeks to analyze the dimensions of this question, &what is the nature of expediency approach and the rules governing its implementation in foreign policy decision-making?&.in search of answers; this hypothesis has occurred that expediency in the field of foreign policy decision-making is aimed at the three-faceted concept of &maintaining the system& and follows its realization through the means of eliminating conflicts and resolving conflicts between various goals in order to avoid harm and maximize benefits for the general society in the field of foreign policy.