کتیبۀ نویافتۀ پهلوی در تنگه‌بلاغی (پاسارگاد 6) و برنامه‌های حفاظتی از آن

موضوع و محور گفتار پیش‌رو، کتیبۀ نویافته‌ای است که در تیرماه 1401 در تنگه‌بلاغیِ دشت پاسارگاد برای نخستین‌بار مشاهده گردیده است. این کتیبه به خط فارسی‌میانه ‌(پهلوی‌کتابی) با سنت ساسانی به تحریر درآمده است که با عرض 40 و طول 90‌سانتی‌متر، دربردارندۀ سه قاب و سه‌ نوشتار است. بخش اصلی کتیبه، قاب میانی است که با هشت‌سطر، به‌صورت عمودی تحریر شده است. قاب‌های جانبی در بالا و پایینِ نوشتۀ میانی، دیده می‌شوند و به‌صورت افقی تحریر شده‌اند. قاب بالا دربردارندۀ سه‌سطر و قاب پایین به‌نظر می‌رسد سه‌سطر داشته است. این‌که کتیبه در چه زمانی نوشته شده و به چه فرد یا افرادی تعلق داشته است؟ پرسش‌های اصلی پژوهش به‌شمار می‌روند که محتوای کتیبه خود بدان‌ها پاسخ می‌دهد. در دشت پاسارگاد، پیش‌تر نیز پنج کتیبۀ پهلوی شناسایی و خوانش شده است؛ این پنج کتیبه که در منطقۀ موسوم به «تل‌تخت» در سال‌های 1961 تا 1963م. کشف شده است در شمار گورنبشته‌های پهلوی محسوب می‌گردند. کتیبۀ پژوهش حاضر، اما محتوایی متفاوت از کتیبه‌های تل‌تخت دارد و آن‌گونه که مشاهده خواهد شد در آن از ساخت پل و بندی باستانی سخن رفته است که به‌نظر می‌رسد به روزگار «خسرو اول انوشیروان» تعلق داشته است. نکتۀ جالب این‌که پیش از کشف این کتیبۀ باستان‌شناسان پایگاه میراث جهانی پاسارگاد پی و شالودۀ پل و فراز-راهی باستانی را درست در زیر کتیبه و برروی رودخانۀ پلوار، مشاهده و مستندنگاری کرده بودند؛ بنابراین کشف این کتیبه اهمیت و ضرورت پرداختن بدان را به‌ویژه از منظر باستان‌شناسی و حفاظتی دوچندان می‌کند. پژوهش حاضر به‌صورت میدانی و اسنادی‌ (کتابخانه‌ای) انجام شده است. باتوجه به این‌که این کتیبه در معرض فرسایش شدید قرار داشته است، نگارندگان با تهیه قالب از آن، کوشش کردند تا جدای از خوانش بهتر، گام موثری در جهت حفاظت از آن برداشته شود.

new pahlavi inscription in tang-e bulaghi (pasargadae 6)

abstractthis paper centers on a newly discovered inscription, first identified in july 2022 within the bulaghi gorge of the pasargadae plain. the inscription, crafted in middle persian script following the sassanid tradition, measures 40 cm in width and 90 cm in length. it features three distinct frames, each containing text. the primary focus is the central frame, which is oriented vertically and consists of eight lines, while the adjacent boxes, positioned above and below the central text, are inscribed horizontally. the upper box features three lines, while the lower box similarly appears to contain three lines; however, only a single word is legible. the primary research inquiries focus on the ownership of the inscription, its date of composition, and its content. within the pasargadae plain, five pahlavi inscriptions have previously been identified and read. these inscriptions were uncovered in the area referred to as tall-i takht between the years 1961 and 1963, and the tombstone is inscribed in sassanid pahlavi script. the inscription associated with the present research presents a distinct subject matter compared to the tall-i takht inscriptions. it highlights the construction of ancient bridges and embankments, which are thought to have originated during the reign of khosrow i. interestingly, before this inscription was uncovered, archaeologists from the pasargadae world heritage site had already recorded the existence of the foundations of an ancient bridge and overpass situated directly beneath the inscription on the pulvar river. thus, the discovery of this inscription significantly amplifies its relevance and the imperative for archaeological engagement and conservation. additionally, it is pertinent to mention that the current study was carried out through both fieldwork and library resources.keywords: pasargadae, dasht-i morghab, tang-e bulaghi, pahlavi inscription, ancient bridge. introductionon july 11, 2022, two mountaineers from pasargad city forwarded an image to the first author (m.d.), a member of the inscription research center of takht-i jamshid and the pasargadae world heritage site. they claimed that the image depicted previously unknown symbols. following this, m.d., accompanied by experts from the pasargadae world heritage site, visited the site and confirmed the presence of a new inscription in middle persian script. consequently, the examination, analysis, and interpretation of this inscription became a primary focus for the authors. concurrently with the examination of the inscription, archaeologists affiliated with the pasargadae world heritage site reported their findings regarding the works along the pulvar river, which they had initially observed and documented in 2012 in the aftermath of a recent drought. notably, these works were discovered beneath the newly found inscription and provide corroborative evidence for the text contained within it. the primary objective of this research is the interpretation and analysis of the new inscription from tang-e bulaghi. the inscription recognized as the only significant non-funerary document in middle persian script and language (sasanian pahlavi) that has been found thus far in the pasargad plain and its neighboring areas is of considerable importance. this study seeks to read the inscription and explore the newly discovered ancient text, while also pursuing a historical analysis related to the inscription and its implications. furthermore, the primary aim of this research is to ascertain the nature of the historical individuals mentioned in the inscription.the present study seeks to address several key inquiries: what information is conveyed by the newly discovered inscription at tang-e bulaghi? to which historical period does this inscription pertain? what ancient and historical texts corroborate the inscription’s content? who is the individual referred to as zadan farrokh, mentioned twice within the inscription? additionally, what was the designation of the pasargadae plain during the sasanian period, and how has this nomenclature transformed in contemporary persian? in summary, the findings indicate that the inscription pertains to the construction of a bridge and overpass, as well as the delineation of a pathway in the tang-e bulaghi during the sasanian era, with prior documentation of this activity also identified. zadan farrokh is recognized as a sasanian prince from the era of khosrow parviz. the region referred to as dasht-i murwāb in the sasanian context is currently known as pasargadae plain.         identified tracesthis inscription contains three frames and three texts. the main part of the inscription is the middle box, which is written vertically with 8 lines. two side boxes are also seen above and below the middle text and are written horizontally. the upper box contains three lines, and the lower box also seems to have three lines; only one word of it can be read. the only word in the lower box: in ͻltͻy transliteration and in transcription ardā means “pious”. the content of the middle frame will be discussed below.transliteration and transcription of the middle frame of the new inscription at tang-e bulaghi (pasargadae 6)this inscription has 8 lines and can be seen in the middle frame.  transliteration1. [zn]e b[nd] y sth[m]k1 lwt[e] [////////]2. zne pwl ͻcš [z]ͻtͻn plhw[1] [l] ͻd3. y mn lwt dšt1 y  mwlwͻp [ͻ]yt[wn] mlc [l ͻd]4. plmwt1 krtn1 mgw1mltͻn hl[g y/////]  5. ͻš lwt ͻwcynk1 y qdm bythš6. zͻtͻn plhw1 yhbwn-t [hw]en[d] h[m] ͻ[k1]7. kra mn ͻhlwb1 dͻt[1] pwn anšwta8. ͻpš bͻhl nkwh mnw ͻl zne pwltranscription1. *ēn *band ī *stahmag *abāg [////////]2. ēn pul aziš *zādān farrox *rāy 3. ī az rōd dašt ī murwāb *ēdōn marz *rāy4. framūd kardan mowmardān*harg [ī /////]5. *ā-š rōd uzēnag ī abar bidaxš  6. zādān farrox dād*hēnd *hamāg7. har az ahlawdād pad mardōm8. u-š bahr nikōh kē ō ēn pul    translation of the middle frame of the inscription“this hard dam with [...] this bridge belongs to zadan farrokh, who ordered the construction of such a border from the murwāb plain river. the muγmardān gave the tax and the cost of that river to bidakhsh, zadan farrokh, which is all charity for the people.” curse on whoever wants to destroy this bridge.conclusionthe current research presents the identification of a newly discovered inscription located in tang-e bulaghi, which was uncovered in july 2022. this finding contributes to the corpus of extant inscriptions from the sasanian period. designated as pasargadae 6 from now on, the inscription is composed of three distinct sections, all conveying identical information. this study marks the inaugural effort to interpret and analyze the inscription, which is classified among the records of sasanian nobility. the content pertains to the construction of a bridge and overpass over the murwāb river during the 40th year of anushirvan’s reign. furthermore, the inscription indicates that the bridge was intended for the benefit of the general populace. the funding for this project was allocated to zadan farrokh by muγmardān. notably, zadan farrokh, whose name appears twice within the text, is identified as a prominent court official from the era of khosrow parviz. the reference to the murwāb river within the inscription also provides insights into the historical nomenclature of the region during the sasanian era.