شناخت راه‌ها و آثار تاریخی محدودۀ میان دزفول و خرم‌آباد در دورۀ قاجار (با استناد به‌دستاوردهای ماموریت سال 1290ه‍.ش. آرنولد ویلسن)

ردیابی مسیرهای تاریخی، کلیدی مهم در شناخت شبکۀ آثار تاریخی و تمدنی هر منطقه و بعضاً اکتشاف نقاطی جدید می‌باشد؛ با این‌حال، تاکنون راه‌های ارتباطی میان خوزستان و لرستان ناشناخته مانده و پژوهش‌های جدی چندانی در باب آن‌ها صورت نگرفته است. علاوه‌بر اعزام اطرافیان «ناصرالدین‌شاه» به خوزستان، اهمیت کاوش‌های باستان‌شناسی و سپس آغاز عملیات اکتشاف نفت باعث توجه و رفت و آمد بیشتر اروپاییان به جنوب‌غرب ایران در نیمۀ دوم قرن گذشته شد. باوجود تعدد سفرهای ماموران داخلی و بیگانه به لرستان و خوزستان، «آرنولد ویلسن» و دستاوردهای سفر وی در سال 1290ه‍.ش. برای تهیۀ گزارش احداث راه‌آهن لرستان از جایگاه ویژه‌ای برخوردار است که تاکنون در معرفی مسیر تاریخی کمترشناخته‌شدۀ خرم‌آباد به دزفول نقش ارزشمندی را ایفاء ننموده‌اند؛ لذا این پژوهش در تلاش است با راهبرد تفسیری تاریخی و استفاده از اسناد و نقشه‌های تاریخی موجود در سفرنامه‌ها، کتب و گزارش‌های نظامی، که بعضاً در این پژوهش برای اولین‌بار منتشر خواهند شد، به واکاوی گزارش‌ها و نقشۀ‌ ماموریت سال 1290ه‍.ش. «سر آرنولد ویلسن» در لرستان بپردازد و راه‌ها و آثار تاریخی محدودۀ میان دزفول تا خرم‌آباد را به‌طور دقیق معرفی و بسیاری از ابهامات موجود در این مسیر تاریخی را روشن نماید.بر این اساس، پرسش‌های پژوهش بدین قرار است؛ آرنولد ویلسن سفر سال 1290ه‍.ش. مسیر دزفول تا خرم‌آباد را با عبور از چه نقاط و مناطقی طی کرده است؟ دستاوردهای مدون سفر ویلسن چه نقشی در شناخت راه‌ها و آثار تاریخی این مناطق ایفاء نموده است؟ تطبیق دستاوردهای ماموریت سال 1290ه‍.ش. آرنولد ویلسن در لرستان ضمن مشخص نمودن مسیر دقیق وی و نیز سایر مسیرهای تاریخی دزفول-خرم‌آباد (با محوریت راه‌چُل)، آثار تاریخی دیگری چون: سازه‌های آبی دوحوضان، شبکه‌های آبیاری صالح‌آباد، محوطه‌های تاریخی در سرپلّه، کرّهر، قافله‌جا و شهر گود، مقبره‌های گری‌خشکه و احمدکوچیکه، پل‌های تاریخی زال و ترادا، قلعۀ تاریخی تنگ‌قلا و جای‌نام‌هایی منحصربه‌فرد در طول این مسیرها مانند: ولمیان، باغ خان، کوه آسیاباد و... به‌دست داده است، که بسیاری از آن‌ها برای نخستین‌بار توسط وی معرفی شده‌اند، و می‌توانند مبنای مطالعات میدانی تاریخی و باستان‌شناسی دیگری قرار گیرند.

recognizing the roads and historical monuments between dizful and khurramābād in the qajar era (based on the achievements of arnold wilson’s mission in 1911)

abstracttracing historical routes is a crucial key to understanding the network of historical and cultural assets in any region, sometimes leading to the discovery of new sites. nevertheless, the communication paths between khūzistān and luristān have remained largely unknown, and serious research on them has been lacking. in addition to the travels of nasir-al-dīn shāh’s entourage to khūzistān, the significance of archaeological excavations and the commencement of oil exploration heightened european interest and activities in the southwestern region of iran in the mid-20th century. despite numerous journeys by domestic and foreign agents to luristān and khūzistān, arnold wilson’s journey and accomplishments in 1911 ad hold a distinctive position. nevertheless, his contributions have not illuminated the relatively obscure historical pathway connecting khurramābād to dizfūl. this research aims to employ a historical interpretive approach, utilizing existing documents and historical maps found in travelogues, books, and military reports. some of these documents will be published for the first time in this study. the research endeavors to analyze the reports and maps of arnold wilson’s 1911 ad mission in luristān, shedding light on the routes and historical sites between dizfūl and khurramābād. the study seeks to accurately identify and introduce these sites and clarify the ambiguities surrounding this historical route. the investigation into arnold wilson’s 1911 expedition in luristān, through the juxtaposition of his specific route illustrations and various historical pathways, notably the dizfūl-khurramābād route with an emphasis on the chul road, has facilitated the unearthing of several significant historical sites. these sites encompass aqueduct structures in du hauzān, irrigation networks in salih ābād, historical areas in sar-i-pilleh, karaharr, qāfilajāh, and shahr-i-gaud, tombs in gurr-i-hushkih and ahmad kūchīkih, zāl and tirādā historical bridges, the historical fortress of tang-i-qalā, and unique toponyms along these routes, such as walmīyān, baq-i-khān, āsīābād mountain, and more. many of these sites were introduced by wilson for the first time and can serve as the foundation for further historical and archaeological field studies.keywords: arnold wilson, khurramābād, dizfūl, luristān, historical roads. introductioninvestigating historical routes is essential for comprehending the network of historical monuments across different regions and can occasionally lead to the discovery of new locations. however, the communication pathways between khūzistān and luristān have not been thoroughly examined, and there is a notable lack of substantial research in this area. this gap has become increasingly significant to foreign researchers since the latter part of nāsir al-dīn shāh’s reign. the predominantly narrative and textual travelogues produced by iranian envoys, which were supplemented by relatively imprecise maps, offer a significantly lesser contribution to the understanding of the communication routes in this region. this is in contrast to the reports generated by european envoys, who traversed these routes equipped with appropriate tools and subsequently represented their findings on more precise geographical maps. sir arnold wilson holds a distinguished position among europeans, particularly due to the reports and maps produced during his 1911 mission concerning the railway construction in luristān. the comprehensive location data presented in his military reports, when integrated with a recently acquired map of southwestern iran, has illuminated numerous ambiguities regarding the communication pathways in khūzistān and luristān. this analysis reveals both familiar and lesser-known sites, which are referenced solely by name in historical travelogues, thereby offering a clearer understanding of the geographical and cultural contexts of these areas during the qajar period.this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the roads and historical monuments connecting dizfūl to khurramābād by examining the reports and maps produced during sir arnold wilson’s 1911 expedition in luristān. the research seeks to elucidate various uncertainties associated with this historical route. key inquiries include: what locations and areas did arnold wilson traverse from dizfūl to khurramābād in 1911? additionally, what significance did the documented outcomes of his journey hold in enhancing the understanding of the historical sites and pathways in these regions? this study employs historical interpretive method, utilizing a data collection strategy that encompasses historical documents such as travelogues, books, military reports, and maps. these materials will be published for the first time in this research, having been extracted from the archives of the qatar national library. the research will begin with an examination of wilson’s preliminary studies, which includes an analysis of the works and maps produced by his predecessors in the previous century. following this, the accomplishments of his 1911 mission in luristān will be presented. by analyzing these documents and correlating the information they contain, the investigation will focus on the route taken and the locations where he stopped, as well as the significant historical complexities referenced in his sketch map.identified traces upon receiving the notification regarding the luristān mission, wilson not only arranged the necessary travel logistics but also meticulously examined the reports and travel accounts authored by rawlinson, debode, mark bell, sawyer, lord curzon, demorgan, durand, rabino, lorimer, baird, and the gazetteer of persia. in the early days of march 1911, he left khurramshahr to begin the construction of the luristān railway. his journey took him through khūzistān, where he made a brief stop in dizfūl. he departed from dizfūl on april 25, 1911, and after an adventurous 27-day trek, he arrived in khurramābād on may 23. although this journey was long and demanding, it resulted in valuable contributions, including two reports and a significant map that outlined the railway’s proposed route and highlighted numerous locations in the region that had not been previously recorded. his passion for uncovering areas that had not been explored by other europeans led him to prioritize the documentation of roads, historical monuments, and lesser-known natural sites in the region. analyzing the data contained within