نقش و جایگاه محوطۀ باغ‌بَمید در دشت سیرجان طی سده‌های 6 الی 10ه‍.ق. براساس تحلیل یافته‌های سفالی

محوطۀ باغ‌بَمید در شمال‌غربی شهر سیرجان طی بررسی‌های باستان‌شنا‌سی سال 1397 شناسایی شد. وسعت زیاد و تنوع یافته‌های فرهنگی این محوطه، از نقش مهم آن در دشت سیرجان طی دوران اسلامی حکایت دارد. به این‌دلیل جستار حاضر قصد دارد تا در پژوهش پیش‌رو برای شناخت موقعیت و جایگاه محوطۀ باغ‌بَمید در بازۀ زمانی سده‌های میانی دوران اسلامی به بررسی و تحلیل یافته‌های سفالی آن بپردازد؛ زیرا در منابع مکتوب این دوره، اطلاعات اندکی از این مکان وجود دارد، ولی از بررسی میدانی آن، یافته‌های سفالی متنوعی به‌دست آمد که تا حدودی می‌توان با مطالعۀ آن‌ها به موقعیت این محوطه در سده‌های میانی دوران اسلامی دست‌یافت. پرسش‌های اصلی این پژوهش عبارتنداز 1. موقعیت محوطۀ باغ‌بَمید در سده‌های 6 الی 10ه‍.ق. براساس بررسی و تحلیل یافته‌های سفالی چگونه ارزیابی می‌شود؟ 2. فناوری رایج یافته‌های سفالی این محوطه کدامند؟ 3. براساس شواهد، یافته‌های سفالی این محوطه وارداتی یا بومی هستند؟ 4. محوطۀ باغ‌بَمید براساس یافته‌های سفالی چه نقش و جایگاهی در برهم‌کنش‌های منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای در سده‌های میانی دوران اسلامی داشته است؟ این پژوهش تلاشی در جهت مطالعۀ یافته‌های سفالی محوطۀ باغ‌بَمید طی سده‌های میانی اسلامی است تا بتوان سیمای این محوطه را در این بازۀ زمانی مشخص کرد. روش پژوهش، توصیفی-تحلیلی و یافته‌های آن به‌صورت کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی گردآوری شده است. نتایج نشان‌داد که این محوطه هم‌زمان با محوطۀ قلعه‌سنگ طی سده‌های 6 تا 10ه‍.ق. استقرار داشته و حلقۀ ارتباطی راه‌های مهم تجاری-اقتصادی به شهر مرکزی سیرجان بوده است. یافته‌های سفالی محوطۀ باغ‌بَمید در دو گروه اصلی بی‌لعاب (نقوش کنده، فشاری، قالبی، مُهری و ترکیبی) و لعاب‌دار (لعاب‌دار تک‌رنگ و چندرنگ) تقسیم می‌شوند. در این محوطه، داده‌ای مبنی‌بر تولید سفال یافت نشد، که نشان می‌دهد به احتمال اکثر سفال‌ها وارداتی بوده و از مناطق دور و نزدیک به آن وارد شده‌اند.

an analysis of the significance and status of the bagh-bamid area within the sirjan plain from the 6th to the 10th centuries ah based on potsherd analysis

abstractarchaeological surveys have pinpointed the bagh-bamid area to the northwest of sirjan. the considerable dimensions and variety of cultural artifacts found there imply its importance in the sirjan plain throughout the islamic era. therefore, this study seeks to explore and analyze the pottery findings from bagh-bamid to better understand its role during the middle islamic centuries, particularly given the limited documentation available in historical texts regarding the area. the field investigation yielded a diverse array of pottery artifacts that serve as valuable indicators for assessing the status of bagh-bamid during the middle centuries of the islamic period. this research seeks to address several critical inquiries: what role did bagh-bamid play between the 6th and 10th ah centuries? what pottery-making technologies were prevalent during this time? furthermore, an analysis of the evidence will help determine whether the pottery discovered in this area was locally produced or imported. the objective of this study is to investigate the cultural artifacts discovered at the bagh-bamid site during the medieval islamic period, with the intention of assessing the importance of this area during that era. employing a descriptive-analytical research framework, the study utilized both documentary and field data collection methods to gather relevant information. findings from the bagh-bamid site demonstrate that the pottery can be categorized into two principal groups of glazed and unglazed varieties. the unglazed pottery types feature a range of decorative techniques, including carving, pressing, molding, stamping, and the use of combined designs. the glazed pottery, on the other hand, is available in both monochromatic and polychromatic varieties. furthermore, the collection features several pieces of imported chinese pottery, which were brought to sirjan through trans-regional connections. archaeological research suggests that bagh-bamid was established alongside qale’h sang site during the 6th to 10th centuries ah, acting as a crucial link in important commercial and economic pathways to the city of sirjan.keywords: bagh-bamid locality, sirjan plain, archaeological survey, islamic middle centuries, pottery typology. introductionthe sirjan plain, situated in kerman province in southern iran, serves as a vital nexus for communication routes, linking the southern with the central and northern areas of the country. this strategic significance has persisted from historical times to the present day. among the population centers located on this plain is the bagh-bamid area, historically referred to as “beymand” in various literary sources. this area is positioned along key communication routes, including those connecting shiraz to sistan and the persian gulf shores to the central regions of iran (ibn khordadbeh, 1992: 40-42; istakhri, 1994: 168; maqdisi, 2006: 686-682). this locality has historically served as a conduit to numerous regions, including fars, hormozgan, the shores of the persian gulf, yazd, isfahan, kerman, sistan, and khorasan. archaeological evidence, particularly in the form of pottery, substantiates this assertion. however, the written records from the medieval period provide scant information compared to those from earlier centuries. notably, the city is only briefly mentioned in idrisi’s nuzhat al-mushtāq, while other texts such as mo’jam al-buldan and taqwim al-buldan merely reference the city’s name (idrisi, 2009: 53-45; hamawi, 1968: 177; abulfeda, 1970: 381). the bagh-bamid area, located to the northwest of sirjan city, was recognized during archaeological surveys conducted in 2017, which yielded a variety of cultural artifacts. this research primarily seeks to address several key questions: what role did the bagh-bamid site play during the 6th to 10th ah centuries? what technological characteristics are evident in the pottery discovered in this site? furthermore, do the findings suggest that the pottery is of local origin or imported? furthermore, what has been the nature of both regional and extra-regional interactions involving this area? this research seeks to explore the geographical and cultural significance of the area by utilizing both written sources and field investigation results. to date, there has been a lack of published information regarding the medieval period in this region. analyzing its cultural artifacts may shed light on the contributions of this area to the cultural, political, economic, and social evolution of the sirjan plain. by selecting the bagh-bamid area and focusing on its identification during the medieval centuries, along with the categorization of various pottery types and their comparative analysis, one can elucidate the connections between the findings from this area and other islamic regions to a significant degree. consequently, this approach allows for the establishment of its cultural ties in both regional and extra-regional contexts during this period.discussionthe bagh-bamid area, encompassing approximately 300 hectares, constitutes a significant residential area located in the northwest of sirjan. within this region, a total of 1,346 potsherds were discovered, of which 79 were subjected to analysis in this study. these artifacts date back to the medieval islamic period and are categorized into two primary types: unglazed and glazed pottery. in contrast, various written records identify this area as beymand or meymand in the medieval centuries. however, aside from idrisi’s nuzhat al-mushtāq (2009: 53-45), which offers a comprehensive discussion, most other sources only acknowledge its name. as a result, we sought to clarify historical context and appearance of the area in question to some extent by examining archaeological discoveries. during the medieval islamic period, bagh-bamid was a relatively minor settlement when compared to both the early and late islamic eras. its position along key trade routes facilitated communication, making the sang castle and the surrounding bagh-bamid area crucial for commercial and cultural interactions among diverse regions. additionally, the political dynamics of this era significantly influenced the economic vitality of the sirjan region, particularly following the mid-7th century ah when turkan khatun successfully reclaimed sirjan from the shabankara princes of fars, who had previously held control over the area. subsequently, the initiatives undertaken by padishah khatun in fostering appropriate relations with the ilkhans led to significant economic and trade advancements in the kerman state, particularly in regions such as sirjan. monshi kermani notes that during this period, “the kerman road became the highway” (monshi kermani, 2015: 71). this development had a profound impact on the region. consequently, the efforts of the qarakhitai and the al-muzaffar rulers in kerman, coupled with the enhanced security of trade routes in hormuz, contributed to the commercial prominence of peripheral areas like sirjan.conclusionbagh-bamid emerged as a significant entity within the sirjan plain, serving as a crucial nexus for communication. it facilitated connections between the ports along the persian gulf, particularly hormuz, and the interior regions of the iranian plateau. the site’s growth and prominence can be attributed to its strategic location within the extensive communication network of southern iran. analysis of the pottery artifacts from bagh-bamid indicates two primary categories: unglazed and glazed pottery. the unglazed pieces feature a