تحلیل معنایی و ساختاری سنگ‌های مزاری مزارستان دوران اسلامی «شهسوار» ایذه

بخشی از نشانه‌ها و عناصر فرهنگی ایران بر پهنۀ عناصر دیرپا و ماندگاری چون انواع سنگ‌نگاره‌ها محفوظ مانده‌ است. عناصری که در برابر طبیعت خشن و نیز حوادث روزگار بیشترین تاب‌آوری را داشته و نشان از دیرینگی فرهنگ این مرز و بوم دارند. هم‌اکنون نیز برخی از این آثار بر پهنه‌های مختلفی چون غارها، حاشیۀ ‌رودخانه و کوه‌ها استوار مانده‌اند. سنگ‌‌مزارها یکی از انواع سنگ‌نگاره‌هاست که در پهنۀ سرزمین ایران نمونه‌های ارزشمندی از آن‌ها وجود دارد. این عناصر، علاوه‌بر تعیین هویتِ درگذشتگان، بعضاً، دربرگیرندۀ عناصر چندگانۀ نمادین مرتبط‌با صفات، خصال، شغل، جنسیت، پایگاه اجتماعی، علایق یا مکنونات قلبی بازماندگان نسبت‌به آن‌هاست. مزارستان «شهسوار» ایذه نیز که قدیمی‌ترین مزار تاریخ‌دار آن قدمتی بالغ‌بر 400 سال دارد، چنین ویژگی‌هایی داشته و عناصر تصویری نمادین منقوش سنگ‌مزارهای آن بازنمای ویژگی‌های اقلیمی و ایلی هستند. چیستی این سنگ‌مزارها و چگونگی و چرایی معناهای نمادین آن‌ها، پرسش‌هایی است که در این پژوهش به آن‌ها پاسخ داده می‌شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر، در وهلۀ نخست، شناخت بهتر عناصر نمادین و تزئینیِ شهرستان ایذه و منطقۀ خوزستان و سپس تکمیل اطلاعات سنگ‌نگاره‌های ایران است. این پژوهش کیفی است و اطلاعات آن به‌شیوۀ میدانی و با بهره‌گیری از منابع کتاب‌خانه‌ای و اطلاعاتی به‌دست آمده و نتیجۀ آن در بافت و بستر تاریخی موضوع با تحلیل محتوای نشانه‌شناسانه ارائه شده است. براساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، مکنونات مردم این منطقه بر سنگ‌های مزاریِ سه‌گانۀ شیرسنگی، سنگ‌مزارهای ایستاده و خوابیده بازنمایی شده و تصاویر نشانه‌ای در قالب نشانه‌های عمدتاً قراردادی، نمایه‌ای و پس از آن شمایلی و دوگانۀ جنسیتی مردانه و زنانه خودنمایی کرده است. در این مزارستان، فضایلی چون: شجاعت، شکار، آراستگی، دین‌داری، مردم‌داری و مهمان‌پذیری برای مردان و بافندگی، نخ‌ریسی و توانایی رفع نیاز روزمرۀ زندگی و همانند آن در زنان ستایش می‌شده و برخی از این صفات و فضایل، در بافت ایلی، به‌اقتضای شرایط روز، امروزه نیز تداوم دارند.

semantic and structural analysis of stone paintings of shahsavar izeh islamic period mausoleum

some of the glories of cultural iran have been preserved in the area of long-lasting and enduring elements, such as lithographs. the elements that have the most resilience against the harsh nature as well as the events of the time and in a way preserve the culture of this land as well as its longevity. some of these works are still based on different areas such as caves, rivers and mountains. one of those forms is the tombstones, of which there are valuable examples in different parts of iran. in addition to identifying the deceased, these elements sometimes included multiple symbolic elements related to the traits, characteristics, occupation, gender, social status, interests or secrets of the heart, the survivors of him. the mausoleum of the islamic period of shahsavar izeh, whose oldest historical shrine is about four hundred years old, is one of the mausoleums that have the said characteristics. the symbolic visual elements of this cemetery, which are displayed on its tombstones, represent two climatic and tribal features. the nature of these tombstones and how and why their symbolic meanings are the questions that will be answered in this research. the aim of this research is first to better understand the symbolic and decorative elements of izeh city and khuzestan region and then to complete the information of iranian lithographs. the present study is qualitative and has a phenomenological nature. keywords: shahsavar izeh cemetery, islamic, bakhtiari, symbolic, visual, written, tombstone, tombstone. introductionthe information of this research has been obtained in the field by using library and information resources and its connection with the historical context of the subject by semiotic content analysis. based on the findings of this study, the secrets of the people of this region are represented on triple tombstones, lion stones, standing and lying tombstones, and symbolic images in the form of signs, mainly conventional, index and then icon and dual masculine and feminine gender. in this cemetery, virtues such as courage, hunting, grooming, religiosity, democracy and hospitality for men and weaving, spinning and the ability to meet the daily needs of life and the like, have been praised by women. some of the glories of cultural iran have been preserved in the area of long-lasting and enduring elements, such as lithographs. the elements that have the most resilience against the harsh nature as well as the events of the time and in a way preserve the culture of this land as well as its longevity. some of these works are still based on different areas such as caves, rivers and mountains. one of those forms is the tombstones, of which there are valuable examples in different parts of iran. in addition to identifying the deceased, these elements sometimes included multiple symbolic elements related to the traits, characteristics, occupation, gender, social status, interests or secrets of the heart, the survivors of him. the mausoleum of the islamic period of shahsavar izeh, whose oldest historical shrine is about four hundred years old, is one of the mausoleums that have the said characteristics. the symbolic visual elements of this cemetery, which are displayed on its tombstones, represent two climatic and tribal features. the nature of these tombstones and how and why their symbolic meanings are the questions that will be answered in this research. the aim of this research is first to better understand the symbolic and decorative elements of izeh city and khuzestan region and then to complete the information of iranian lithographs. the present study is qualitative and has a phenomenological nature. the information of this research has been obtained in the field by using library and information resources and its connection with the historical context of the subject by semiotic content analysis. based on the findings of this study, the secrets of the people of this region are represented on triple tombstones, lion stones, standing and lying tombstones, and symbolic images in the form of signs, mainly conventional, index and then icon and dual masculine and feminine gender. in this cemetery, virtues such as courage, hunting, grooming, religiosity, democracy and hospitality for men and weaving, spinning and the ability to meet the daily needs of life and the like, have been praised by women. discussionsome of the glories of cultural iran have been preserved in the area of long-lasting and enduring elements, such as lithographs. the elements that have the most resilience against the harsh nature as well as the events of the time and in a way preserve the culture of this land as well as its longevity. some of these works are still based on different areas such as caves, rivers and mountains. one of those forms is the tombstones, of which there are valuable examples in different parts of iran. in addition to identifying the deceased, these elements sometimes included multiple symbolic elements related to the traits, characteristics, occupation, gender, social status, interests or secrets of the heart, the survivors of him. the mausoleum of the islamic period of shahsavar izeh, whose oldest historical shrine is about four hundred years old, is one of the mausoleums that have the said characteristics. the symbolic visual elements of this cemetery, which are displayed on its tombstones, represent two climatic and tribal features. the nature of these tombstones and how and why their symbolic meanings are the questions that will be answered in this research. the aim of this research is first to better understand the symbolic and decorative elements of izeh city and khuzestan region and then to complete the information of iranian lithographs. the present study is qualitative and has a phenomenological nature. the information of this research has been obtained in the field by using library and information resources and its connection with the historical context of the subject by semiotic content analysis. based on the findings of this study, the secrets of the people of this region are represented on triple tombstones, lion stones, standing and lying tombstones, and symbolic images in the form of signs, mainly conventional, index and then icon and dual masculine and feminine gender. in this cemetery, virtues such as courage, hunting, grooming, religiosity, democracy and hospitality for men and weaving, spinning and the ability to meet the daily needs of life and the like, have been praised by women. conclusionsome of the glories of cultural iran have been preserved in the area of long-lasting and enduring elements, such as lithographs. the elements that have the most resilience against the harsh nature as well as the events of the time and in a way preserve the culture of this land as well as its longevity. some of these works are still based on different areas such as caves, rivers and mountains. one of those forms is the tombstones, of which there are valuable examples in different parts of iran. in addition to identifying the deceased, these elements sometimes included multiple symbolic elements related to the traits, characteristics, occupation, gender, social status, interests or secrets of the heart, the survivors of him. the mausoleum of the islamic period of shahsavar izeh, whose oldest historical shrine is about four hundred years old, is one of the mausoleums that have the said characteristics. the symbolic visual elements of this cemetery, which are displayed on its tombstones, represent two climatic and tribal features. the nature of these tombstones and how and why their symbolic meanings are the questions that will be answered in this research. the aim of this research is first to better understand the symbolic and decorative elements of izeh city and khuzestan region and then to complete the information of iranian lithographs. the present study is qualitative and has a phenomenological nature