بازسازی تقسیمات استان ساسانی بیشابور با کشف تعدادی نام‌جای جدید از گل‌مهرهای محوطه تل قلعه سیف‌آباد-کازرون

محوطه‌ی تلِ ‌قلعه‌ی سیف‌آباد، یکی از محوطه‌های کلیدی دوره‌ی ساسانی است که به‌فاصله‌ی 1 کیلومتری غرب دریاچه‌ی پریشان در استان فارس قرار دارد. در نتیجه‌ی فصل اول کاوش باستان‌شناسی این محوطه در پاییز 1394، مجموعه‌ی بزرگی از گِل‌مُهرهای1 دوره‌ی ساسانی یافت شد. از بین این مجموعه‌ی نویافته، 75 گِل‌مُهر دارای اثرمُهر اداری، و بقیه دارای اثرمُهر غیر اداری یا شخصی است. از بین اثرمهرهای اداری شناسایی شده، دو اثرمُهر مربوط به تقسیمات اداری استان بیشاپور، یک اثرمُهر مربوط به اداره‌ی ناحیه‌ای / منطقه‌ای، و شش اثرمُهر مربوط به اداره‌ی روحانیون استان بیشاپور است. در میان اثرمُهرهای اداری پیش‌گفته، نام چهار اداره‌ی جدید، زیرنظر اداره‌ی روحانیون استان بیشابور، برای نخستین‌بار شناسایی شدند که براساس آن می‌توان تقسیمات استانی و اداری این استان ساسانی را بازسازی کرد. با کشف این بخش‌های جدید و دو بخش پیش‌تر شناخته‌ شده، اکنون تعداد بخش‌های این استان به‌طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای افزایش یافت. اثرمُهر اداره‌ی روحانیون آبادشاپور از استان بیشاپور، بیش از 50 بار تکرار شده است. بدون‌شک، تکرار این نام‌جای به‌دفعات در گِل‌مُهرهای اداری یافت شده از این محوطه، نشان می‌دهد که نام ساسانی تلِ قلعه‌ی سیف‌آباد، آبادشاپور بوده است. نوشتار حاضر گزارش مقدماتی مطالعه گِل‌مُهرهای اداری یافت شده از این محوطه‌ی ساسانی است که اهمیت زیادی در باستان‌شناسی این دوره دارد.

Reconstruction of the Divisions of Sasanian province of Bišābuhr based on the discovery of some new toponyms from the Administrative Bullae of ToleQaleh Seyfabad, Kazerun, Fars

The ToleQaleh Seyfabad (henceforth, TQS) is one of the Sasanian key sites, which is located in the very heart of the Sasanian empire in southwestern Iran, in the centre of Kazerun County. The site is situated in the rural district of Balian, 330m north of the new Seyfabad village on the natural mounds known as Tole Pahn. The site is 40m higher than its surrounding plain and located 868m above sea level, and covers an area of about 150 hectares. TQS is situated 29 km southeast of Bishâpûr city, 7km southeast of Kazerun city, 109km northwest of Ardashir Khurreh or Firuzabad, 35km northwest of Jereh, 88 km west of Qasri Abu Nasr and 214km north of Siraf. The site was partly damaged by a gas pipeline which was constructed through it in the 1980s. In 2005, as part of surveys conducted in the Kazerun plain, this site was registered by Parsa Ghasemi with the site code KZ 92. The site of ToleQaleh Seyfabad (TQS) is located in the north of Seyfabad village, near the western part of the Parishan Lake on the Kazerun Plain, is one of the most important Sasanian sites in southwestern Iran. Due to the the gaspipeline construction, the most upper part of the southern mound of TQS was completely destroyed and after that the illegal excavation by antiquity looters has been started. In 2014, the first season of excavations at this site was conducted by Parsa Ghasemi, Reza Noruzi and Azizallah Rezaei. The general aim of the excavation at TQS was to conduct a salvage operation in order to prevent further looting and damage to the site, and to facilitate identification of layers of different periods in order to determine a reliable chronology for the site. The finds indicate that this site was a major active administrative, economic and commercial centre of the Sasanian province of Bishâpûr, in the heartland of this empire and the abandonment of it must be dated to the late Sasanian period, before 651A.D. The most important discovery of this season of excavation were 371 Sasanian clay sealings, out of which 75 bear an impression of an administrative seal while the others wear only personal seal impressions. More than three hundreds of them were in the room 2 in trench I, it means that this room was the most important room for archiving the clay bullae. Preliminary inspection of the administrative bullae with the cooperation of Rika Gyselen has provided several new data. Among the nine administrative seals two belong to a provincial administration of Bišābuhr, one to a regional administration and six to the district administration of the mowūh. As the name of this administration shows, it was headed by a member of Zoroastrian clergy. Of the six mowūh districts, four are attested here for the first time. With these four mowūh seals the number of districts known for the province of Bisābuhr reached to seven. The mowūh seal of one of the districts — ĀbādŠābuhr — is attested by more than fifty bullae. No doubt this was the name of the district in which Tole Qaleh Seyfabad was situated. This article is a short preliminary report on this important discovery of the Sasanian period in Fars.