a second generation current conveyor employing a flipped voltage follower and improved dc voltage gain operational transconductance amplifier

Background and objectives: the background of this research is the significance of current conveyors as essential building blocks in current-mode circuits. the objective is to design and simulate a second generation current conveyor (ccii) in a 180-nm cmos process, aiming to achieve low impedance, accurate voltage copying, and high dc voltage gain.methods: the proposed ccii design utilizes a flipped voltage follower (fvf) to provide low impedance. a novel operational transconductance amplifier (ota) is introduced to accurately copy the voltage within the circuit. this ota employs a positive feedback technique to increase its output resistance, thereby enhancing dc voltage gain and reducing input impedance. the performance of the presented ccii is evaluated through simulations in a 180-nm cmos technology using cadence software.results: the simulation results show the successful operation of the ccii circuit. key performance metrics include voltage and current tracking errors of 0.3% and 0.1%, respectively, and a bandwidth of 1.4 ghz.conclusion: the research concludes that a new ota and ccii have been successfully simulated in a 180-nm cmos process. the proposed ccii design, based on fvf and a novel ota with positive feedback, achieves improved dc voltage gain without compromising other specifications like power consumption, ugbw, and stability. the tracking errors in the proposed method are lower compared to existing approaches.