declarative semantics in object-oriented software development a taxonomy and survey

One of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. in this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. in an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. for the procedural semantics, we can write a set of instructions that must be executed sequentially. the declarative semantics declare a set of facts and rules. they do not specify the sequence of steps for doing the processing. in this paper, we present four taxonomies for the rules in object-oriented paradigm and discuss how the paradigm can be extended to support declarative semantic of applications. then, the rules in the taxonomies are evaluated in four case studies. after that, an approach is recommended for finding and implementation of declarative semantics, based on some practical experience obtained from the evaluation.