اثرات همه گیری کرونا بر اشتغال نیروی کار در صنایع مرتبط با گردشگری ایران

بسیاری از صنایع، با به رسمیت شناختن ویروس کووید 19 و بیماری کرونا در مارس 2020 به‌عنوان یک بیماری همه‌گیر توسط سازمان بهداشت جهانی دچار زیان شدند؛ ورودی گردشگر خارجی به کشور ایران در شش ماه ابتدای سال 1399 قریب به 96 درصد کاهش داشته است. تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از طرح آمارگیری نیروی کار سال 1398 و جدول داده -ستانده به روز شده داده‌های سال 1390که تاکنون برای گردشگری استفاده نشده است، به بررسی اثر کرونا در حوزه اشتغال بخش گردشگری ایران می پردازد. نتایج نشان می دهد که در درازمدت 1/88 درصد به نرخ بیکاری اضافه می شود و از 4 میلیون و 575 هزار نفر شاغل در بخش‌های مرتبط با گردشگری، قریب به 456 هزار نفر اشتغال خود را از دست می دهند. (299 هزار نفر اثرات مستقیم و 257 هزار نفر اثرات غیرمستقیم).خدمات عمده فروشی و خرده فروشی، خدمات پشتیبانی و کمکی حمل ونقل، حمل ونقل جاده ای مسافر و خدمات محل های صرف غذا و نوشیدنی و اقامتگاه های عمومی به دلیل ارتباط تنگاتنگ با سایر صنایع، بیشترین آسیب غیرمستقیم را داشته اند.

Effects of Corona Epidemic on Labor Employmentin Iran’s Tourism-Related Industries

IntroductionMany industries with predetermined plans have been completely suffered losses from the Covid19 pandemic since March 2020, when the World Health Organization recognized it. The tourism industry can be considered one of the growing sectors damaged very quickly. Due to the prolongation of the Covid19 pandemic, different aspects of the tourism industry and its degree of vulnerability are identified. Tourismrelated businesses, including the hotel industry, food industry, transportation, handicrafts, and other related activities, have suffered the most during this period.Simultaneously with the negative effects of the corona disease on the economy and employment, the effects of the corona on tourism became more apparent. Still, due to the continuity of the corona and the need for rehabilitation during the corona and postcorona era, the need for more protocols and health guidelines is felt. Many countries have made reforms in this regard to continue their tourism industry at the same time as the pandemic.The important point is that researchers in this field should pay attention to the direct effects of corona on the tourism industry and its effects on related industries.Materials and MethodsAs it turns out, tourists spend money to buy goods and services at destinations. Some are paid directly for accommodation, food centres, restaurants, retail shopping, transportation, and related entertainment. Since it is done in the tourism industry and has revenues for these industries, it is called the &direct effects& of tourism on the economy. Due to the increasing demand for tourism products, players in the tourism and related industries are encouraged to increase the supply of products. Therefore, hiring new labourers and producing more goods from domestic producers occurs to meet the demand for tourism, which is called &indirect effects&.Increasing the employment of the labour force increases the total income of the residents of the tourist area that part of it is allocated to savings and part to the purchase goods and services for residents. The purchase of more goods and services by the surplus income creates additional demand and leads to more production and more employment, which is called the &induction effects&. In general, &indirect effects& and &induction effects& constitute &secondary effects&.The inbound tourists to Iran in the first six months of 1399 have decreased by almost 96%,