ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزی ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﺎداش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ

ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء iot ، اﻣﺮوزه در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ اﻋﻢ از ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﻼﻣﺖ، ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎی ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ و ﻏﯿﺮه ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽﻫﺎی ﺟﺪی در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء، ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی و ﻧﺤﻮه ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آن اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﺪودی در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر داﺷﺘﻪ و در ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ دﺷﻮار اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺮژی آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺮاﺷﻪﻫﺎی ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده، ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ، زﻣﺎنﺑﻨﺪی اﻧﺘﻘﺎل دادهﻫﺎ و ﻏﯿﺮه ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دارد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، در ﻓﺎز ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ، ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزی و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی و ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪیﻫﺎ اﻣﺮی ﻻزم و ﺿﺮوری اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪل ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﺎداش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ srns ﺑﺮای ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزی و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﻤّﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺷﯿﺎء ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ روش اﺑﺘﺪا ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزی ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺮژی و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ روی آن ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎی ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزی ﮐﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﮑﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی و اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی آﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﮑﺮﺑﻨﺪی اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ روش ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدن آن ﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﺮهﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺧﻮﺷﻪ، وﺟﻮد ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮاب/ﺑﯿﺪاری و ﻧﺮخ ارﺳﺎلﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ و ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در واﻗﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﮑﺮﺑﻨﺪی ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮ روی ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژی ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﺮهﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺧﻮﺷﻪ، ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 75 درﺻﺪی ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎی داﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻓﺮ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎی ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ از ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮخ ارﺳﺎل 0.037 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد.

modeling energy consumption in iot systems using stochastic reward nets

today, internet of things iot is widely used in various fields, such as health control, smart city, smart buildings, and so on. one of the severe concerns in iot-based systems is the issue of energy consumption and its management. the iot-based systems have limited resources. it is also difficult to access them in many situations; so, their energy sources must be appropriately consumed and managed. in order to design and build iot systems, many factors, such as the usable chips, the type of communication protocols, the timing of data transfer, and so on, directly affect the system's energy consumption. therefore, in the design phase of these systems, it is necessary to model and evaluate their energy consumption and their compliance with the requirements. in this paper, a stochastic reward nets srn model is introduced for modeling and quantitative evaluation of energy consumption in iot-based systems. in this method, first the modeling of the energy source and the influencing factors are explained, then the entire system is modeled using these basic models, then, by changing the configuration of the system, the influencing factors on energy consumption are studied and measured, and the most suitable configuration is selected using the results. this method can lead to a significant reduction in the costs of a system before its operation. using this model, a case study has been investigated and the effects of various factors, such as the number of nodes connected to the cluster head, the existence of sleep/wake mode, and different transmission rates on system performance and energy consumption are investigated. in this paper the effect of the system configuration on the amount of energy consumption has been evaluated and it has been shown that the packet delay increases with the increase in the number of nodes connected to the cluster head, and in order to reduce the number of packets in the buffer by 75% and reduce the end-to-end delay of the packets, a transmitter with a transmission rate of 0.037 should be used.