Morphological Features of Cell Death Through Microscopic View

Cells are active components in their environment andconstantly adjusting their performance to improveextracellular milieu changing. this approach isreflected their tends of maintaining intracellularhomeostasis. when the cells encounter stress orpathologic stimuli, they can undergo a new manner(adaptation) and new steady state for achievingviability and function. if the external stress isexceeded or adaptive capability continues, cell injurydevelops (1, 2). cells injury is engaged in a processthat is reversible or irreversible. injury is reversiblewhen the stimuli are limited and removed. only inthe persistent stress or pathologic stimuli a reversiblephase converted into irreversible phase (point-of-noreturn)and causes cell death(3). however, cell deathis the most important step in embryogenesis, organdevelopment, hemostasis and also the evolution ofdisease in any organ (1). the most classifications ofmammalian cell death are apoptosis and necrosis.apoptosis occurs naturally in many situations andhelps to eliminate the cells that lost their efficiency.cells undergoing apoptosis show biochemical eventslead to cell changes (morphology) and death (4, 5).these features include cell blebbing, shrinkage,chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation.unlike necrosis, which is a pathologic cell death,apoptotic cells release cell fragment called apoptoticbodies (1, 6). this image was taken with lightmicroscopes (nikon, te2000 inverted microscopes),peripheral blood monocytes during 13 days cultureinitially change into macrophage-like cells and thendue to lack of nutrition materials and a high level oftoxic substance, to undergo cell death. themorphological changes as mention above (fig1legend) approved apoptosis process and cell death.however, sometimes the end stage of apoptosisaccompanied by necrosis and it is not possible todistinguish them from the microscopic view.