immunoinformatics design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine against colorectal cancer

Background: bioinformatic approaches for designing vaccines have become a promising alternative to conventional methods. we herein designed a multi-epitope-based vaccine against colorectal cancer (crc). materials and methods: the peptides in the crc vaccines were retrieved from pubmed, google scholar, web of science databases, and clinical trials. the adjuvants of mycobacterial heparin-binding hemagglutinin and pan dr epitope were inserted in the vaccine sequence. physicochemical properties, immunological characteristics, and projections of the vaccine’s 2- and 3-dimensional structures were evaluated. linear and conformational b-cells were predicted by iedb (the immune epitope database). docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed between the vaccine and toll-like receptor of 4 (tlr4). in silico cloning and mrna stability were predicted to evaluate the expression of the vaccine in escherichia coli (e. coli). results: the vaccine comprises 368 amino acids from peptides of ogt, fto, casp5, casp8, u2surp, med25, fmo5, cea, and tgfβiir crc antigens. it has a high-quality structure and suitable physicochemical and immunological properties. also, it contains large and accessible b-cell epitopes. the interaction of the vaccine with tlr4 represented an appropriate and stable one between the vaccine and immune receptors. in silico cloning displayed that the vaccine can transcribe and translate in e. coli as a host. conclusion: the crc vaccine is immunogen, non-allergen, and structurally stable. this vaccine will be verified in vitro and in vivo studies in the next step.