effect of two exercise training protocols on mir-133a and runx2 in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Background: type 2 diabetes (t2d) in the elderly is an epidemic that significantly impacts globalhealth. this experimental study aimed to compare the responses of microrna-133a (mir-133a) indifferent tissues and of runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2) in bone marrow tissue followingresistance and endurance training in old rats with high-fat diet and streptozotocin (hfd/stz)-induced type 2 diabetes.materials and methods: t2d was induced by hfd/low-dose stz in 30 male wistar rats (21-monthold,mean±sd weight 418±43 g). the rats received hfd (55%, 31%, and 14% of energy from fat,carbohydrate, and protein, respectively; 5.2 kcal/g). the diets continued for eight weeks in bothgroups. over week four, the rats in the group with hfd/stz-induced t2d received treatment withlow-dose stz. after one week of familiarity with the laboratory environment, they were randomlydivided into three groups: diabetic endurance training (det, n=10), diabetic resistance training(drt, n=10), and diabetic control (dc, n=10). the eight weeks of endurance training protocolcomprised five sessions of moderate-intensity training (60%-75% velocity at maximal oxygen uptake(vvo2max) and low intensity (30%-30% vvo2max). in 60% maximum voluntary carrying capacity(mvcc), the resistance group climbed the ladder 14-20 times with 1-minute rest, five days a week.results: the results of the 1-way anova test showed no significant change in serum mir-133expression (p=0.411) and muscle tissue (p=0.077) following resistance and endurance training.however, significant differences were observed in bone marrow mir-133 expression (p=0.003)and runx2 gene expression (p=0.002) between groups. tukey’s post hoc tests showed that the bonemarrow mir-133 expression had a significant increase following eight weeks of resistance trainingcompared to the endurance training (p=0.006) and control (p=0.002) groups, and bone marrow runx2gene expression in rats exposed to resistance training compared to the endurance training (p=0.044)and the control (p=0.018) groups.conclusion: it seems that longer periods of exercise are required for cellular changes in the metabolismof these tissues after these exercise protocols. this topic should be studied in future research.