بررسی عوامل اقتصادی و اجتماعی موثر بر تمایل کشاورزان به پذیرش کشت سیر ارگانیک در استان همدان

هدف: هدف کلی این تحقیق، بررسی عوامل اقتصادی و اجتماعی موثر بر تمایل کشاورزان به پذیرش کشت سیر ارگانیک در استان همدان می‌باشد. روش: تحقیق حاضر از لحاظ هدف، جزو تحقیقات کاربردی است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق را کشاورزان تولید کنندۀ سیر در استان همدان تشکیل می‌دهند. در این تحقیق از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده استفاده و حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 163 کشاورز برآورد شده است. برای گردآوری داده های مربوطه از پرسش‌نامه استفاده شده است. روایی محتوایی آن به کمک گروهی از اعضای هیات علمی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی مورد تایید قرار گرفت. آزمون مقدماتی نیز برای به دست آوردن پایایی ابزار پژوهش انجام گرفت و ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ برای بخش‌های مختلف پرسش نامه بین 0.72 الی 0.83 محاسبه شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین متغیرهای میزان تقاضا برای سیر ارگانیک، میزان در دسترس بودن بذر برای تولید سیر ارگانیک، هزینه های تولید سیر ارگانیک و وجود بازار مناسب برای فروش سیر ارگانیک با تمایل کشاورزان به پذیرش کشت سیر ارگانیک، رابطۀ معنی داری وجود دارد و وجود روحیۀ محافظه کاری در بین کشاورزان بر تمایل به پذیرش کشت سیر ارگانیک تاثیر منفی می‌گذارد. محدودیت‌ها: دسترسی به کشاورزان و کسب اطلاعات در راستای اهداف تحقیق، عمده‌ترین چالش تحقیق حاضر است. راهکارهای عملی: با توجه به یافته‌های تحقیق، فراهم‌کردن تسهیلات برای کشاورزان جهت تولید محصولات ارگانیک، برگزاری نمایشگاه ها و تیزرهای تلویزیونی و رادیویی و پخش بروشور در بین کشاورزان تا حد زیادی تمایل کشاورزان را برای پذیرش کشت سیر ارگانیک افزایش می‌دهد. اصالت و ارزش: نوآوری این مقاله در شناسایی عواملی که می تواند پذیرش کشاورزی ارگانیک را در منطقه تسریع بخشد، می باشد. تا کنون چنین تحقیقی در این منطقه انجام نشده و نتایج حاصل می‌تواند راهگشای اتخاذ تصمیمات و اقدامات مسوولان نهادها از جمله جهاد کشاورزی در سازمان‌دهی و حلّ مسائل مربوط به کشت سیر ارگانیک شود؛ به‌ طوری که پیامدهای نهایی آن نصیب کشاورزان شود.

Investigating Economic and Social Factors Influencing Farmers ' Interest in Accepting Organic Garlic Cultivation in Hamadan Province

Extended Abstract#13 1. INTRODUCTION#13 More than one decade has passed since the significant and extensive emergence of organic agricultural concepts on international level. Rapid and serious loss of vital agricultural resources due to erosion, salinization of land, desertification, extinction of species and environmental pollution is among the world apos s major concerns. The main cause of such a concern may include indiscriminate use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers and agricultural implements, and the expansion of mechanized cultivation. According to the philosophy of sustainable agriculture, farming systems should be established based on justice and protection of natural resources. Such systems reduce environmental pollution, maintain agricultural productivity, and improve shortterm and longterm economic ability and their quality of life. Due to continuous cultivation of garlic and lack of attention to the protection of productive resources over the past decades, we have witnessed a number of problems regarding environmental degradation. The use of pesticides and fertilizers in Hamadan province has been manifold compared to other Iranian provinces. This has been partly due the lack of awareness of factors governing farmers apos interest in accepting organic garlic cultivation and sustainable agriculture, and lack of understanding of the mentioned factors in organic agriculture on the part of agricultural experts. Thus, this research, first and foremost, aims at the identification of factors which may affect the willingness of farmers to adopt organic cultivation of garlic in the province, followed by the correct procedures of natural resource management.#13 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK#13 Several schools of thought exist on how to interpret the concept of sustainable and organic agriculture. Although there are major differences between these schools, they all agree that the present condition of agriculture is not sustainable. There are major differences between current and sustainable systems of agriculture. So far, there have been various definitions for organic agriculture. Some think of it as one of the most important agricultural systems for the production of healthy food free of any chemicals. Simply put, organic farming is a kind of agriculture in which consumers may easily use their products and make sure they will have no health problems derived from hormones and pesticides in products. Generally speaking, organic agriculture is not only the exploitation of resources based on purely economic criteria, but it also encompasses emphasis on sustainable production which does not harm basic resources, guarantees the rights of future generations and considers other aspects such as balanced distribution of food, food security, lack of environmental degradation and the use of collective measures. It should be mentioned that Iranian agriculture sector has been affected by inappropriate overuse of external inputs and unsustainable use of agricultural productive resources. The analysis of the present condition of Iranian agricultural sector clearly shows that agricultural systems used in Iran and other Third World countries are based on western patterns of agriculture, which all put emphasis on the use of external inputs.#13 3. METHODOLOGY#13 This is an applied, descriptive and nonexperimental research. This field research was a crosssectional survey conducted between 2012 and 2013 crop year. Regarding it paradigm, the research falls into the realm of quantitative research. The research population includes all the producers of garlic in three regions including Hamadan, Touiserkan and Bahar, all located in Hamadan province. Simple random sling method was used, and the size of the sles included 163 famers. To collect the data, a questionnaire was used. The content reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by the assistance of a number of professors of Agriculture College of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. A preliminary test was conducted to obtain reliability, and Cronbach apos s alpha for different sections of the questionnaire were calculated between 0.72 and 0.83.#13 4. DISCUSSION #13 The results of economic factors rating showed that three variables including contracts request, the availability of manure in production and demand for organic garlic were respectively the most significant factors affecting farmers apos interest in initiating organic garlic cultivation in Hamadan province. Based on the results of ranking social factors, the availability of insurance in the production of organic garlic was the most important factor affecting farmers apos interest in initiating organic garlic cultivation. Generally speaking, the results showed that several variables such as demand for organic garlic, the availability of seed for organic garlic production, production costs and organic garlic market had a significant relationship with farmers apos tendency to accept organic garlic cultivation in Hamadan province. According to the findings, farmers apos conservativeness negatively affected their willingness to cultivate organic garlic. It is proposed to hold exhibitions, make TV/radio programs and distribute brochures to inform people about the benefits of healthy products and the disadvantages of chemical products. Thus they will be more willing to buy organic products. The required inputs should be also provided by government in order to ease farmers apos access to such inputs. It is also suggested that a few farms be established by Jahad Keshavarzi Organization in different regions in order to make farmers more familiar with this type of agriculture.