medial collateral ligament injury of the knee: areview on current concept and management

The medial collateral ligament (mcl) is a major stabilizer of the knee joint, providing support against rotatory andvalgus forces; moreover, it is the most common ligament injured during knee trauma. the mcl injury results in valgusinstability of the knee and makes the patient susceptible to degenerative knee osteoarthritis. although it has beennearly a dogma to manage mcl injury nonoperatively, recent literature has suggested operative mcl managementas a suitable option for specific patient populations. the present review aimed to assess the current literature on themanagement of mcl injuries of the knee. in this regard, we go over the anatomy, physical examination, and mclimaging.