sand exercises altered muscular frequency content in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and pronated feet during walking

Purpose: this study investigates the effects of exercises on sand on the frequency content of the lower limb muscles in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and pronated feet during walking.methods: this was a semi-experimental and laboratory-type study. the study samples included 28 male students with pronated feet and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction aged 22 to 25 years. the participants were randomly allocated into the following two groups: the experimental and the control group. the electrical activity of the lower limb muscles was recorded using an electromyography system before and after performing the exercises. the statistical analysis was done using a two-way analysis of variance method with a significance level of 0.05.results: the findings showed that the main effect of time for the frequency content of the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis muscles during loading and push-off phases, the vastus lateralis muscle during the mid-stance, the rectus femoris at the mid-stance and push-off phases, semitendinosus muscle during the loading, mid-stance and push-off phases, biceps femoris muscle during the mid-stance and push-off phases, and gluteus medius muscle during the push-off phase (p<0.039; d=0.166-0.606).conclusion: the group-by-time interaction for the semitendinosus muscle during the loading phase was significant. exercise on sand can improve walking performance by altering muscular frequency content.