the effect of andrographolide on the viability, apoptosis and, expression of tumor suppressor genes in thyroid cancer cell line

Background :andrographolide, a herbal diterpenoid lactone, exhibits significant antineoplastic potential. however, its effect on thyroid cancer has not been tested. the pi3k/akt/mtor pathway plays important roles in human cancers by regulating cell proliferation, growth, metabolism, and motility. additionally, the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affects cancer progression by regulating tumor suppressors and activators. objectives :in this study, the effect of andrographolide on the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (pten) and dact1 genes, which act through the pi3k/akt/mtor and wnt/β-catenin pathways, was investigated in thyroid cancer cells. methods :andrographolide was administered to the cells for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. cell viability was assessed via the [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide] (mtt) assay. the effect of andrographolide on plasma membrane integrity was tested using the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) assay. apoptosis was measured using annexin v-fitc staining. finally, the expression of pten and dact1 genes was tested by real-time pcr. results :andrographolide led to a decrease in cell viability that was dependent on the concentration and duration of exposure. the ic50 values were 173.97 ± 9.66, 68.82 ± 8.17, 17.36 ± 3.3, and 4.43 ± 0.16 μm for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. the reduction in cell viability by andrographolide was accompanied by a loss of cell membrane integrity. andrographolide significantly increased apoptotic cell death and the expression of pten and dact1 mrnas. conclusions :andrographolide reduced viability and induced apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells. it may affect the pi3k/akt/mtor pathway through an increase in pten expression and the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through an increase in dact1 expression.