game-based rehabilitation and eeg rehabilitation for shoulder recovery post-stroke

Background: stroke is a leading global cause of disability, affecting millions annually (who). objectives: this study aimed to evaluate clinical recovery and motor learning in the brain during shoulder rehabilitation by utilizing a shoulder wheel device, simultaneous electroencephalography (eeg) recording, and clinical assessments. methods: a total of 120 participants were initially invited to participate in this study at the health and rehabilitation center of asadabad university of medical sciences. after applying exclusion criteria, 50 participants were included and divided into two groups: an intervention group (25 participants) and a control group (25 participants). the eeg signals were recorded, and clinical status evaluations were conducted for all participants. a specially designed game-based virtual environment shoulder wheel device for home use was employed in the intervention group. clinical and eeg outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups. results: clinical evaluations indicated that the game-based shoulder wheel system significantly enhanced the rehabilitation process for stroke patients with shoulder mobility impairments compared to the control group. the eeg signal analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of this home-based rehabilitation approach, showing increased patient engagement in the training process. this study highlights the potential utility of eeg biomarkers, such as pairwise-derived brain symmetry index (pdbsi) and dar, to guide and monitor rehabilitation progress. conclusions: a game-based telerehabilitation system for shoulder rehabilitation in stroke patients was successfully developed, refined, and clinically evaluated. the findings underscore the value of incorporating game-based interventions to improve shoulder function and prolong active recovery periods in stroke patients. furthermore, this study suggests the integration of eeg biomarkers to optimize and personalize rehabilitation strategies.