تبیین معنای فلسفی فقر و غنا در صحیفه سجادیه

فقر و غنا از مفاهیمی است که علاوه بر معنای ظاهری، معنای عمیق دینی و فلسفی را نیز بر می‌تابد. اصطلاح فقر به دو معنای مذموم و ممدوح در کلام امام سجاد(ع) آمده است. فقر ممدوح آن است که نیاز و وابستگی حقیقی انسان به ذات حق را نشان دهد. اما فقری که احساس تعلق و نیاز به غیر ذات حق را در انسان ایجاد کند، مذموم است.در حکمت متعالیه با تحلیل اصل علیت و بر مبنای اصالت وجود، این نتیجه حاصل می‌گردد که تمام موجودات امکانی در اصل هستی خود به منشا هستی، وابستگی محض‌اند. این تعلق به معنای این نیست که آنها در ابتدا چیزی هستند و سپس در وجود خود به خدا نیاز داشته باشند، بلکه وجودی جدای از علت خود نداشته و سراسر ربط و تعلق به حضرت حق هستند که با تعابیری چون فقر ذاتی، فقر وجودی و وجود رابط بیان می‌شود. بنابر این همان گونه که در کلام خداوند نیز اشاره شده است، فقر از خواص ذاتی مخلوقات، و غنا منحصر در خداوند است. این معنا در عبارات پر مغز امام سجاد(ع) در صحیفه سجادیه وجود دارد که در این نوشتار مورد بحث قرار گرفته است.

Justification of philosophical meaning of poverty and wealth in Sajjadiye scriptures

Abdolali shokr[1]Wealth and poverty are such concepts that in addition to the apparent meaning also require profound religious and philosophical definitions. The term of poverty, used as both meanings of disagreeable and praised, has been seen in the word of religious leaders, including Imam Sajjad(Pbuh). Praised poverty is that which shows humankind’s true need and dependency to the Ultimate affluent and the Righteous essence. But a poverty that creates feelings of attachment and need for other than the Righteous essence is disagreeable.In the transcendental philosophical thought, by the analysis of the principle of causality and based on the principality of existence, this result is concluded that all things at the root of their existence are essentially poor and dependent to the Origin of the universe. The “effect”, which is considered all that is not God, in its existence is indiscriminately needy to its true Cause; meaning that other than dependency to the essence of God, no other truth is imagined for it. Since according to the principality of existence, in the outside world there is no other than Existence, all creatures are destitute to a true reason which is unique to the independent essence of Uniqueness. They have no existence separate from their reason and are entirely relevance and belonging to His Right, which is expressed using phrases such as absolute poverty of existence in itself, existential poverty and copulative existence. Therefore, just as mentioned in the word of God, poverty is an intrinsic property of creations, and wealth is unique to God. This concept is also present in the rich passages of Imam Sajjad(Pbuh) in Sajjadiye Scriptures, which is the focus of discussion in this paper. [1] Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.      Ashokr@rose.shirazu.ac.ir